Znidarsic & All,

In 1999, researchers from the University of Vienna demonstrated that wave-particle duality applied to molecules such as fullerenes.  In addition to being created in the lab, Fullerenes are produced in nature, hidden in soot and formed by lightning discharges in the atmosphere.  Could fullerenes be related to lightning balls or small plasma fireballs since they can withstand high temperatures for relativly long periods of time and are formed by lightning discharges or carbon plasma arcs?  As the discovery of the fullerene family came after buckminsterfullerene, the shortened name 'fullerene' is used to refer to the family of fullerenes. The suffix “ene” indicates that each C atom is covalently bonded to three others (instead of the maximum of four), a situation that classically would correspond to the existence of bonds involving two pairs of electrons (“double bonds”).  A fully developed theory of C60 solids superconductivity is still lacking, but it has been widely accepted that strong electronic correlations and the Jahn-Teller electron-phonon coupling produce local electron-pairings that show a high transition temperature close to the insulator-metal transition.  Could this be responsible for the small pockets of superconductivity in LENR?  The wiki article on the Jahn-Teller effect even mentions the "d" orbitals in which BobTEW has referred to a few times. (  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene ) & ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahn-Teller_effect ) & ( http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/zpt/chapter2.html )

Endohedral fullerenes are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within their inner spheres. The first lanthanum C60 complex was synthesized in 1985 called La@C60. The @ sign in the name reflects the notion of a small molecule trapped inside a shell. Two types of endohedral complexes exist: endohedral metallofullerenes and non-metal doped fullerenes. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endohedral_fullerene )

Endohedral hydrogen fullerene or H2@C60 is an endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen. H2@C60 is found to be a stable molecule. it survives 10 minutes at 500 °C and shows the same chemical reactivity as empty C60. The electronic properties are also largely unaffected.  ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endohedral_hydrogen_fullerene )

Field emission (FE) (also known as electron field emission) is an emission of electrons induced by external electromagnetic fields. Field emission can happen from solid and liquid surfaces, or individual atoms into vacuum or open air, or result in promotion of electrons from the valence to conduction band of semiconductors. The terminology is historical because related phenomena of surface photoeffect, thermionic emission or Richardson-Dushman effect and "cold electronic emission", i.e. the emission of electrons in strong static (or quasi-static) electric fields, were discovered and studied independently from 1880s to 1930s. When field emission is used without qualifiers it typically means the "cold emission."  ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_electron_emission )

Let me know what you think of the above.  I've been working on this 24/7.  The Fullerenes may answer a lot of questions regarding LENR, and I think they fit in very well with your "model" where we don't need to extend it to the molecular level.

Thanks,

GB

In the Blink of Bird’s Eye, a Model for Quantum Navigation:
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/01/quantum-birds/

H@C60:

I am going through the videos and the paper "quantum cold case mysteries resolved". On page 15 of this paper there is a calculation of the spring constant - k. Two protons inside a nucleus are modeled in terms of a spring using Hooke's Law - k=Fmax/Xmax. Fmax is given as 29.053N which is the maximum electrostatic force experienced by 2 protons being pushed together. This occurs at the coulomb barrier - 1.409fm.
My question is:- Is this force (29.053N) the same if the proton is inside the nucleus and external to the nucleus?
I am somewhat confused because the displacement used in the equation (Xmax) is twice the fermi spacing (what is that?) rather than 2*1.409fm (which is where Fmax was calculated).

The elastic constant is constant at a certain displacement.  It varies inversley with displacement.  Rubber bands do this also, they get softer as they are stretched, thus their "elastic constant" is dependent upon their position.  Take a balloon.  It is hard to blow when it is deflated.  Its elastic constant is stiff.  As the balloon is inflated it is easier to put air into it.  Its elastic constant decreases with its inflation.  The same sort of thing happens with electron.  I hope this helps.

Frank Z

Yes, thank you for this analogy, it is easy enough to understand. But then why in the end of the same paper, a numerical constant value is given for K_{-e}?

lanenal

It's a contant at a certain displacement.  If the displacement changes, then the constant also changes.  If the displacement doesn't change, then it remains a constant according to that displacement.  This is no different than "c", which refers to a constant and is related to the speed of light.  The speed of light is a constant in a vacuum, but if you change the medium then the speed of light also changes, thus "c" changes.......so one could argue that "c" isn't a contant. The "elastic contant" and "c" are both terms which have been defined by the physics establishment.  If you don't like the definitions or the terms, then complain to the ones who defined them or chose the terms to describe them, and not to the ones who use them.  It appears there are those who want to nitpick at certain terms or definitions.  Nitpick all you want, but it doesn't change anything.  Call it a variable, a variable constant, a constant at a certain displacement, or whatever you like, but it will still give you the correct result if used properly.

GB

I have been reading the Znidarsic theories with interest and I am trying to get a deeper understanding of the terms involved.

Can someone go into detail about the "elastic discontinuity" and possibly give a good explanation and definition, along with analogies, pictures, etc.

Thank you 

Have you looked at Znidarsic's website?  If not, then it may be helpful. ( http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/zpt/index.html )

Read the papers and watch the videos over and over again to get a deeper understanding.  We all need to do this, because it takes time and repetition to fully digest this stuff.  Don't give up, it will eventually come to you.

[Edit:] Water sphere in zero gravity showing waves, elastic collisions, and mass transfers ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXsvy2tBJlU )

GB

It looks like standing waves are pinned at the discontinuity.



http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/zpt/chapterb.html#Pg10

A persistent flow of water over a period of time has slowly carved the Grand Canyon.  Persistence is a powerful force, even a small continuous drop of water.  Thanks Khanster and welcome to the forum.

GB