Hi Paul,

There was a thread here in 2005 active for 2-3 months dealing with trying to utilize the Johnson noise in diodes and among the contributors to that thread there were some members with diode manufacturing backgrounds so it would seem worthwhile to look for them.

The title of the thread is Diode Array, many small parallel diodes to aggregate rectified Johnson Noise   and here is the link: http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=26.0

The topic is two pages long only and has not received any contribution since 2005, wonder what happened to Charles Brown's idea since then.

rgds,  Gyula

I occasionally talk to Charles. He's more of a thinker. Thinking is fun, but in the end someone has to do something. 

PL

Hi,

I have Tom Schum's diode array in my lab. I still have not tested it, yet. One thing I don't like about his diode array is that it's not 100% in-series. As far as my understanding of the semiconductor mathematics, paralleling diodes increases the junction capacitance. So in Tom's case, he has 32 diodes per row in-parallel, which equals 0.5pF * 32 = 16pF. The total Johnson noise is equal to the kTC noise, which equals sqrt(k*T/C). So the kTC noise is sqrt(16) = 4 times less than a single 1N34A diode, which means the DC voltage (due to rectification) is 4^2 = 16 times less-- diode square law.

My recommendations are -->

* If one is going to test for voltage, then place all of the diodes in-series.

* If one is going to test for current, then place *groups* in-parallel. Each group should consist of at least 5 diodes in-series. The reason for not placing diodes in direct parallel connection is because it increases the junction capacitance.


If anyone's interested in the mathematics, you can find it at my website -->

http://greenselfreliantenergy.com/physics/dirtydetails/

PL

What's everyone's definition of "smoking gun."

PL

the "smoking gun" is when you can have a diode-array power a small motor continuously.

what would it take? a shoebox full of diodes?
perhaps a coleman cooler?

an entire Garage???

3-4 million diodes might get you above the cut-off voltage of most LEDS,  but it could take a trillion more to achieve enough current to produce light.

suppose we were to start producing diodes on rolls of silicone foil,  trillions of tiny diodes per cm^3
what then? something the size of a volvo might power a computer?
and thats assuming that the EMF created by such a large array doesnt cancel out the effect.

The definition of "Smoking Gun" -->

Wikipedia
+++++++
"The term "smoking gun" was originally, and is still primarily, a reference to an object or fact that serves as conclusive evidence of a crime or similar act. In addition to this, its meaning has evolved to uses completely unrelated criminal activity: for example, scientific evidence that is highly suggestive in favour of a particular *hypothesis* is sometimes called smoking gun evidence."
+++++++
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_gun

PL

Edit: added -->
So I think the first proven air plane was the smoking gun. The first proven gas motor was the smoking gun. The first proven electrically telegraphed message was the was the smoking gun. And I believe the diode array would qualify as the smoking gun.

There are two types of diode arrays -->

A. Made with large diodes that you solder. The *only* purpose of this diode array is to prove that passive diodes produce a DC power that can be aggregated.

B. A diode array *chip.*  This is not made with individual diodes. Again, the entire chip is made all at once!  People need to get this idea out of their head that each diode is purchased and made a once. The entire chip is made *simultaneously.*

I already built diode type A. To produce usable amounts of power someone needs to build diode type B. So again, it does not matter if there's one diode or 10 trillion diodes on the entire chip because all of the diodes are made simultaneously. You could think of like developing a photo. It doesn't make sense to say, "There are too many dots in the photo, so it's going to be too expensive."


Your other concerns have been addressed for nearly a year. I am 100% certain the energy is not coming from *any* external source. I used two layers of metal shielding and up to three layers. The old diode arrays were large, so they picked up external RF signals in the city. So I took my second diode array out to a lot of different locations far out in rural areas with *three* layers of metal shielding. My last two diode arrays are compact arrays. They are so small that while in the city of Los Angeles I can remove the lids of both metal shields and there's no change in DC voltage. I can place my hand right next to the diode array with no change in DC voltage.

BTW, the last two diode arrays are placed in a common oil bath to eliminate any measurable thermoelectric effects.

PL

Just to give an idea how large the energies I am working with compared to other areas of physics -->

Photon counters count individual photons. A red 750nm photon has 3e-19 joules of energy.

I am working with a 4.7uF Mylar charging capacitor. The 156 in-series SMS7630 diode array has produced 204uV DC, which comes to 1e-13 joules.


As far as power, the Keithley 6517B electrometer can handle loads has high has 100T, and can measure down to 10uV, which comes to  10e-6^2/100e+12 = 1e-24 watts.

My diode array comes to 204e-6^2/850e+3 = 5e-14 watts.


PL