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Author Topic: Longitudinal wave research  (Read 58865 times)

MarkSnoswell

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Longitudinal wave research
« on: July 28, 2007, 12:31:29 PM »
I have started this as a separate thread as I feel we all could benifit from a much better understanding of longitudinal (scalar) waves.



OK. This is interesting. These results are preliminary. I will post them publically after I have done more tests ? for now I?ll pass along the results here. I have attached a photograph of the coil used for the tests. When I get a chance to do the test in a more controlled manner I'll post full results. The principal findings reported are so clear that I feel comfortable sharing them now.

It would be good if others did similar basic tests so we can gain a better understanding of longitudinal wave transmission; efficient ways to drive it; how it radiates and couples to receivers etc. I plan to do simillar tests with toroidal configurations as soon as I get a chance.

I plan to do tests with non-netallic transmission lines which I think should work just as well for longitudinal waves but would not transmit transverse waves -- which whould lead to a very significant efficency gain and safer opperation.



I did some simple tests with a long solenoid coil to see if I could identify both transverse and longitudinal wave transmission. Yes.

The other goal was the see if I could efficiently drive the transmission line (coil) with a single closed loop capacitivley coupled. Yes.


I used a long solenoid coil I had lying around. This is a 630mm long coil wound with a single layer of 100 turns of 0.6mm magnet wire. The outside of the coil is sealed with a layer of styrene (common fiberglass resin) based resin. The inside is open ? there is no former. I have several of these coils that were made for tesla coil units -- they are formerless to avoid dielectric losses from formers.

I left the top open circuit. I cut the coil one turn in from the bottom and soldered the input lead so that I had a single turn closed loop (isolated from the mail coil) with which to drive with. The rational for this is threefold.

1. This should be just as efficient (as a direct drive) when driving the longitudinal mode.
2. This minimizes drive current -- all we are driving in a single closed loop of wire.
3. The drive is non inductive as the loop is closed and driven with a voltage from one point.

I drove this with a signal generator with a 0-5V signal. Input impedance was 160 ohms (50 ohm sig gen and 110 ohm externally). All inital tunig was done with square wave.

The remarkable result was that I could easily detect two fundamental resonant modes.
By fundamental I mean two resonant modes with a 1:1 frequency ratio with the drive signal.

The resonant frequencies for the two fundamental frequencies were:
450.3 KHz   Q of 46.   Signal at top of coil 90 deg behind drive signal.
980.0 KHz   Q of 82.   Signal at top of coil 90 deg ahead of drive signal.

I probed the voltage drop along the coil with a 10M ohm probe in the vicinity of the coil surface.
As expected the lower resonant frequency corresponded to a quarter wave transverse wave mode.
The higher frequency resonant mode appears to be a half wave mode.
Both resonant modes could be driven with pulse, square and sine waves.

Conclusions:
1.   There are two transmission modes that can be easily detected in a long solenoid coil. The lower frequency resonance is the traditional quarter wave resonance -- confirmed by voltave profile and phase. The higher frequency resonance appears to correspond to a half wavelength longitudinal transmission mode -- confirmed by phase.

2.   It is possible to capactivley drive the transmission line in both resonance modes with a single ended drive into a single closed loop.

cheers

mark.


tao

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #1 on: July 28, 2007, 05:54:04 PM »
I know many here have already seen this paper, but I add it for those that haven't and for re-review for those that have...

Scalar waves:Theory and Experiments
by:Prof. Dr.-Ing. Konstantin Meyl

You can see an 18 minute demo from him here http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4615804709108706714&hl=de

He shows that when he operates his unit at a certain frequency, it is operating in Hertzian mode, and when he uses his other frequency, it is operating in 'Scalar' mode. In the Hertzian mode you can see that his hand can shield, block the transmissions from/to the two units. In the 'Scalar' mode it isn't shieldable, and he claims up to 1000% efficiencies...

The paper goes into more detail than the video.

giantkiller

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #2 on: July 29, 2007, 07:37:52 AM »
I know many here have already seen this paper, but I add it for those that haven't and for re-review for those that have...

Scalar waves:Theory and Experiments
by:Prof. Dr.-Ing. Konstantin Meyl

You can see an 18 minute demo from him here http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4615804709108706714&hl=de

He shows that when he operates his unit at a certain frequency, it is operating in Hertzian mode, and when he uses his other frequency, it is operating in 'Scalar' mode. In the Hertzian mode you can see that his hand can shield, block the transmissions from/to the two units. In the 'Scalar' mode it isn't shieldable, and he claims up to 1000% efficiencies...

The paper goes into more detail than the video.

@Tao, Very good. Things are going to change here soon.
I am very impressed with his statement about the human nervous system being a scalar wave transmission system. And the dendrites are spark gaps! Who would have thought.

--giantkiller. Down with TEM, up with LMD.

Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #3 on: July 29, 2007, 08:22:25 AM »
Hey Mark and Tao,

Awesome posts! I have never seen that video before but it confirmed some things from the recent experiment in my article that I never bothered to look at. Just like Mark, when I was testing the single, open-ended control coil for the TPU, I also noticed that it had two resonant frequencies, although I didn't think anything of it at the time. I did notice however, that the second resonant peak delivered more power to the collector coil than the first one did!

By the way, I am very interested in the Tesla MT, especially ever since Marco built his model. I have always wanted to build one and play with it but I never figured out how to solve the grounding issue. In Tesla's patents, he always used an earth ground, but if you wanted to have a mobile application, what do you use as a ground for the receiver? I am almost confident that the TPU is simply a Tesla magnifying transmitter and receiver all rolled into one. Once you look at the TPU in this way it is no mystery why it runs with gain if one knows that the MT can have a COP as high as 1000!

God Bless,
Jason O

tao

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #4 on: July 29, 2007, 08:38:44 AM »
Well, since you mentioned Tesla's MT and its relation to the TPU, I figured it was a good a time as any to repost my original post I had made last year about just this subject...

I am not saying that this is how it has to be, just reposting my old post, for reference, for re-viewing, for spurring ideas, etc....................




on: October 02, 2006, 10:46:26 AM 

Looking over the Tesla patents again today, especially the patents dealing DIRECTLY with the principles of his Magnifying Transmitter, I looked a bit differently at his one patent that dealt with the WIRED model for his transmitter...Remember that his MT specifically uses radiant energy as it's GAIN MECHANISM...

You might also want to remember a certain confirmation from SM about Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter and SM's devices:
"So, I would say that Steven's KICKS have a direct relationship to Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter, its REAL operation.<

from steven
So Lindsay, this guy definitely has the secret. I do not know if he will be able to duplicate power generation, but he does have the secret.
Do you think he knows it?"

So, anyway, after looking over Tesla's one patent I made three images for you all to see what I saw. The first showing Tesla's MT system, and the second image showing Tesla's MT system adopted to SM's devices...........

I am NOT saying that this IS TOTALLY IT, I am mearly suggesting you all look at this and assimulate it in your minds as a potential, especially considering SM's CONFIRMATION to me back in April about Tesla's MT and his TPUs....

Of course, you will no doubt realize that SM's COLLECTOR COIL isn't sprial wound like Tesla's system has it, but niether was Gray's radiant energy tube system, it matters not about the spiral windings, it matters more about there being MUCH COPPER at 90 degrees to the KICK Generating Wires............Having said that, look at the images.............................

Without further adou....


tao

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #5 on: July 29, 2007, 08:45:59 AM »
And here is a VERY IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC EXPOSE of Tesla's LMD Waves. I highly suggest you guys read the patent many times...

Ok, here is the posts I did last year also, it's on Tesla Waves, what they are, what they aren't, everything the Correas are saying, is being done from many many experiments that they have done, quite cool...





Here are the three posts I did on the VERY important Correa patent back on overunity.com:


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Post 1
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US Patent: US 7,053,576: http://www.pat2pdf.org/patents/pat7053576.pdf

Pay close attention to this patent and read carefully.

You can clearly see that Correa is using AVRAMENKO'S PLUG(http://www.rexresearch.com/avramenk/avramenk.htm) in many of the figures in the patent.

Remember also that when you capture FIELD-FREE/MASSFREE potential from a given setup, that it has no Lenz or counter effects that affect the powering source of the unit that is producing this field-free/massfree potential energy!! This is definition of an OPEN SYSTEM, far from equilibrium! The output and its changing loads have NO ADVERSE EFFECT on the input, that is an OPEN system.

Correa's use of the PAGD(the plasma unit) is definitely the same as Chernetski,

BUT there are MANY OTHER WAYS to make/use this MASSFREE energy then simply in Plasma, I'm basically saying, DON'T get lost in the plasma part of this invention, see through that.

One use can be seen here:
http://www.geocities.com/area51/Shadowlands/9654/bearden/poed.html

There are MANY MORE!

Bedini's charging of batteries via massfree potential with no electrons?

Fogal's use of massfree energy for digital information transfer at near infinite speed(many times the speed of light)?

Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter and world energy system?

Fluxite Patent ring a bell?

Steven Mark's TPU?

Yes to all!


Also remember, according to the Equinox video that Chernetski was KILLED for this information. Saying he died suddenly in 1992 after talking to Hal Putoff.

Watch the video here:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8499015375884820274


Alexander Frolov writes: Please note that Pulsed Abnormal Glow Discharge (PAGD) by Correa is similar to Self-generating Discharge by Russian discovery by Alexander Chernetski (you can see his articles in the net, English version also).
.....

The abstract reads:

    "The present invention is concerned with conversion to conventional electrical energy of the variants of massfree energy radiation considered above, referred to for convenience as Tesla waves, massfree thermal radiation and latent massfree radiation. The first variant of such radiation was recognized, generated and at least partially disclosed by Nikola Tesla about a hundred years ago, although his work has been widely misinterpreted and also confused with his work on the transmission of radio waves. The Tesla coil is a convenient generator of such radiation, and is used as such in many of the embodiments of our invention described below, but it should be clearly understood that our invention in its broadest sense is not restricted to the use of such a coil as a source of mass-free radiation and any natural or artificial source may be utilized.


    According to the invention, a device for the conversion of massfree radiation (as herein defined) into electrical or kinetic energy comprises a transmitter of massfree electrical radiation having a damped wave component, a receiver of such radiation tuned to resonance with the damped wave frequency of the transmitter, a co-resonant output circuit coupled into and extracting electrical or kinetic energy from the receiver, and at least one of a transmission cavity between the transmitter and the receiver, a full-wave rectifier in the co-resonant output circuit, and an oscillatory pulsed glow discharge device incorporated in the co-resonant output circuit. The output circuit preferably comprises a full wave rectifier presenting a capacitance to the receiver, or an electric motor, preferably a split phase motor, presenting inductance to the receiver. The transmitter and receiver each preferably comprise a Tesla coil and/or an autogenous pulsed abnormal glow discharge device. The transmission cavity is preferably at least partially evacuated, and comprises spaced plates connected respectively to the distal poles of the secondaries of Tesla coils incorporated in the transmitter and receiver respectively, the plates being parallel or concentric. The split-phase motor is preferably an inertially damped AC drag motor."

http://www.pat2pdf.org/patents/pat7053576.pdf





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Post 2
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I wrote a post back in early August about the new Correa patent and the ENORMOUS efforts the Correas made in testing and describing the output from Tesla's MT type systems. I mentioned in the post how this patent redeems Chernetski from Russia, a poor man killed in 1992 after demonstrating RADIANT GAIN of any amount, he even said he could eventually power a spaceship from a 10V battery, cause all he NEEDED was the DIELECTRIC FIELD of the battery! This is exactly what Tesla eventually said he could do!
This is SO important, yet NO ONE has responded to the post, I feel this is because many, after reading the Correa patent or due to not knowing Chernetski, just DON'T UNDERSTAND any of it or how it relates to all these Free Energy devices....
The post I am taking about is here: [/b]http://www.overunity.com/index.php/topic,1392.msg10812.html#msg10812


After rereading my post I CAN'T FIGURE OUT why I didn't PUSH harder for everyone to SEE THIS STUFF, LOL...

So, I am gonna make this REALLY EASY, I am posting below a SMALL BUT IMPORTANT PART of the patent that deals with TESLA'S RADIANT ENERGY(KICKS) and I have BOLDED the important findings of the Correa's ACTUAL EXPERIMENTS to test the nature of this Tesla MASSFREE aka Longitudinal aka KICKS aka Radiant energy, etc PHENOMENON...


Take your time, read what I have below, maybe read the patent, read about Tesla and the CHARACTERISTICS the Correas found about Tesla coils...


Here is the text:

It is critical to understand that the implication from this that-aside from local electromagnetic radiation and from thermal radiation associated with the motions of molecules (thermo-mechanical energy), there is at least another form of energy radiation which is everywhere present, even in space absent matter. Undoubtedly, it is that energy that prevents any attainment of absolute zero, for any possible local outpumping of heat is matched by an immediate local conversion of some of this energy into a minimum thermal radiation required by the manifolds of Space and Time. And undoubtedly also this radiation is ubiquitous and not subject to relativistic transformations (i.e. Lorentz invariant). What it is not, is electromagnetic radiation consisting of randomistic phases of transverse waves.

Essentially the first subtype or variant consists of longitudinal massfree waves that deploy electric energy. They could well be called Tesla waves, since Tesla-type transformers can indeed be shown experimentally to radiate massfree electric energy, in the form of longitudinal magnetic and electric waves having properties not reduceable to photon energy or to 'electromagnetic waves', and having speeds of displacement that can be much greater than the limit c for all strictly electromagnetic interactions.

The Tesla coil is a generator of a massfree electric energy flux that it transmits both by conduction through the atmosphere and by conduction through the ground. Tesla thought it did just that, but it has been since regarded instead (because of Maxwell, Hertz and Marconi) as a transmitter of electromagnetic energy. The transmitter operates by a consumption of massbound electric power in the primary, and by induction it generates in the coupled secondary two electric fluxes, one massbound in the coil conductor, and the other massfree in the body of the solenoid. Tesla also proposed and demonstrated a receiver for the massfree energy flux in the form of a second Tesla coil resonant with the first. The receiver coil must be identical and tuned to the transmitter coil; the capacitance of the antenna plate must match that of the transmitter plate; both transmitter and receiver coils must be grounded; and the receiver coil input and output must be unipolar, as if the coil were wired in series.

The generators of massfree energy with which we are concerned provide current pulses associated with a damped wave (DW) oscillation of much higher frequency than the pulse repetition frequency. A particular problem in recovering the massfree energy content of such pulses is provided by the damped wave oscillations.

It is commonly believed that the output of the Tesla coil is ionizing electromagnetic radiation. We have demonstrated that it is not; i.e. that it is neither electromagnetic radiation, nor ionizing electromagnetic radiation. The output of an air cored, sequentially-wound secondary, consists exclusively of electric energy: upon contact with the coil, a massbound AC current can be extracted at the resonant frequency, whilst across a non-sparking gap, massfree AC-like electric wave radiation having the characteristics of longitudinal waves, can be intercepted anywhere in adjacent space. Accordingly, the radiation output from such coils is distinct from electromagnetic radiation.

The basic demonstration that the output of a Tesla coil does not consist of ionizing radiation is that it does not accelerate the spontaneous discharge rate of electroscopes, whether positively or negatively charged.
In fact, in its immediate periphery, the coil only accelerates the spontaneous discharge rate of the negatively charged electroscope (i.e. the charge leakage rate), whereas it arrests the discharge of the positively charged electroscope (i.e. the charge seepage rate falls to zero). But this dual effect is not due to any emission of positive ions from the secondary, even if it can positively charge a discharged electroscope brought to its proximity. This charging effect is in fact an artifact, in that metals but not dielectrics are ready to lose their conduction and outer valence band electrons when exposed to the massfree electric radiation of the coil. This is simply demonstrated by the apparatus of FIG. 1, in which the distal terminal of the secondary winding 6 of a Tesla coil having a primary winding 4 driven by a vibrator 2 is connected to the input of a full-wave voltage wave divider formed by diodes 8 & 10 and reservoir capacitors 12 & 14 (the same reference numerals are used for similar parts in subsequent Figures). If the rectifiers employed are nondoped, the coil appears to only charge the divider at the positive capacitance 10, but if doped rectifiers are employed, the coil will be observed to charge both capacitances equally. Whereas positive ionizers can charge either doped or undoped dividers positively, no positive ionizer can charge a doped divider negatively, clearly demonstrating that the Tesla coil does not emit positive ions.

The basic demonstration that the output of a Tesla coil is not nonionizing electromagnetic radiation of high frequency, such as optical radiation, or of lower frequency, such as thermal photons, is also a simple one. Placement of a sensitive wide spectrum photoelectric cell (capable of detecting radiation to the limits of vacuum UV), wired in the traditional closed circuit manner from a battery supply, at any distance short of sparking from the distal terminal of the coil will show in the dark that the light output from the coil is negligible. This rules out optical radiation at high frequency. The demonstration that the sensible heat output from the Tesla coil is also negligible will be addressed below.

Our theory proposed the existence of physical processes whereby massfree electric radiation can be converted into electromagnetic radiation. Such a process is at work whenever massfree electric wave radiation interacts with electrons, such as those that remain in the valence bands of atoms. This massfree electric energy interacts with charge carriers, such as electrons, to confer on them an electrokinetic energy which they shed in the form of light whenever that electrokinetic energy is dissociated from those carriers (e.g. by deceleration, collision or friction processes). Such a process is at work to a negligible extent in the coil itself and its usual terminal capacitance, hence the faint glow that can be seen to issue from it, but it can also be greatly amplified in the form of a corona discharge by connecting a large area plate to the output of the secondary, as Tesla himself did in his own experiments, and thus by increasing the capacitance of the coil system. Now, what is interesting in this process is that, in the absence of virtually any I<2> R losses at the plate, and if the plate thus introduced is bent at the edges so that it has no pointed edges, or if it is in the form of a bowl, or in any other manner that precludes sparking at edges and specially corners, and thus enhances the corona discharge, any electroscope, whether negatively or positively charged, now brought close to the plate will show a tendency to arrest its spontaneous discharge rate. One might say that this is simply the result obtained in a Faraday cage that disperses charge on its outside and insulates electrically its interior, and indeed if an electroscope is placed inside a Faraday cage no amount of Tesla radiation on the outside of that cage, save direct sparking, adversely affects the leakage or seepage rate of the electroscope. In fact, since the effect of such a cage can be shown to be that of, by itself, inducing arrest of either spontaneous electroscopic discharge, this effect simply remains or is magnified when the cage is bathed by Tesla radiation. However, a cage constitutes an electrically isolated environment, whereas a plate with or without curved or bent edges does not. Furthermore, the change observed in the properties of the output radiation from a Tesla coil when certain metal plates or surfaces are directly connected to the distal terminal of the secondary, takes place whilst the capacitance of the coil is increased by the connected plate, and thus the plate is an electrically active element of the circuit-and hence the opposite of an electrically isolated element.

From this viewpoint, the energy released by any Tesla-type coil to its surroundings would be tantamount to a radiative injection of "internal potential energy" which would confer on local gas molecules a weight cancellation (a cancellation of gravitational mass occurring in the absence of any cancellation of inertial mass-a process which the inventors theorize is explained by the neutralisation of elementary gravitons), and the same process would be equally at work for metallic solids but not dielectric solids.

We have also experimentally determined that the efficiency of the system is affected by external weather conditions, higher efficiencies being noted on a fine bright day than under poor weather conditions even though the apparatus is not exposed to such conditions. This may reflect a diminution under poor weather conditions of latent massfree energy that can be taken up by the system.

It should be understood that the above described embodiments are merely exemplary of our invention, and are, with the exception of the embodiments of FIGS. 16-19 designed primarily to verify aspects of the basis of the invention. It should also be understood that in each of these embodiments, the transmitter portion may be omitted if an external or natural source of Tesla waves is available, provided that the receiver is tuned to the massfree radiation mode of the source. For example if solar radiation is available in which the massfree component has not interacted with the earth's atmosphere (as in space applications), the receiver is tuned to the voltage wave of the massfree radiation sourced in the sun, e.g. by using a Tesla coil in the receiver constructed to have an appropriate voltage wave close to the 51.1 kV characteristic of such radiation.






------------------------------------
Post 3
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I see three ways that SM could be producing free energy with his device.....NOTE, all three include 'radiant energy'(massfree waves aka tesla waves, etc)


1. He is using solely the MT operation of Tesla as I outlined in my huge post here: THE POST PRIOR TO THIS ONE




2. In regards to my last post:
Here is a quote from my last post that you MIGHT want to pay attention to: " It should also be understood that in each of these embodiments, the transmitter portion may be omitted if an external or natural source of Tesla waves is available, provided that the receiver is tuned to the massfree radiation mode of the source. For example if solar radiation is available in which the massfree component has not interacted with the earth's atmosphere (as in space applications), the receiver is tuned to the voltage wave of the massfree radiation sourced in the sun, e.g. by using a Tesla coil in the receiver constructed to have an appropriate voltage wave close to the 51.1 kV characteristic of such radiation."

Hence, SM could have the transmitter portion of Tesla's MT removed and SM might be TUNING IN TO A NATURAL SOURCE OF TESLA WAVES(MASSFREE/RADIANT) AND MAKING SURE HIS RECEIVER IS TUNED TO THE MASSFREE RADIATION MODE OF THE EARTH SOURCE..... SM sure talked a lot out tuning....



3. Lastly, the third method of SM's devices working would include BOTH methods above, SM could be transmiting certain MASSFREE waves at certain frequencies through his MT transmitter and this transmission could then INTERACT with A NATURAL SOURCE OF MASSFREE WAVES and then SM merely TUNES IN TO THE INTERACTION FREQUENCY....


Post edited by: tao, at: 2006/11/25 23:30

Post edited by: gn0stik, at: 2006/11/25 23:43

Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #6 on: July 29, 2007, 09:53:21 PM »
WOW Tao!

Awesome compilation of posts and references there! I don't have time to digest it all right now (studying for finals) But as soon as thats over with, I can't wait to pour through it all. But just from the brief glance I took at it, I can see so many coronations with things I have seen in passing as well as experiments I have performed myself. Some of that information you mentioned reminds me of some of my early one-wire experiments I did. For those who weren't on the forum way back in October, I thought I would repost the information again.

My first one-wire type experiment was actually discovered purely by accident I came across this interesting effect while playing with my solid-state generator (the device pictured in my avatar) and as I was probing it to see where the power was coming from, I started taking things off of the circuit. Eventually, I removed the generator itself and all that was left was this rectifier circuit I made with germanium diodes and some LEDs. The circuit had some strange behavior that I later documented in a series of videos. Here is a diagram of the circuit I made:

(http://www.overunity.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=712.0;attach=2248;image)

I posted some videos of this on the forum in Quicktime format but I finally converted them to DivX avi format and have reposted them here to this post.

Another one-wire circuit I built was using a transformer and I was able to extract even more power from this circuit. Here's another chalkboard drawing of the diagram:

(http://www.overunity.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=712.0;attach=2729;image)

If you would be interested in seeing more details about these two experiments, here is a link to a post I made a while back where I reference all the other posts on the topic. One of them also includes scope shots of the output from the LED circuit:

http://www.overunity.com/index.php/topic,712.msg14839.html#msg14839

Another thing I wanted to share was a post I made over on CTGLabs a while back about my High Voltage one-wire experiments. Here is a reposting of it:

I have some interesting observations to share with you concerning jumping wires. Lately, I have been doing some experiments with a Wimhurst electrostatic machine and a homemade spark gap that I made. I explained to everyone earlier that I was able to generate a small bit of power to run some LED?s using an odd one-wire diode circuit; and also a more advanced version of the circuit using a simple 1:1 transformer with only one wire connected to the primary side. (For those who haven?t seen my posts about this, I made a post referencing my relevant posts on it here: http://www.overunity.com/index.php/topic,712.msg14839/topicseen.html#msg14839).

So I thought I would try some experiments using higher voltage input onto the transformer to see if that would affect anything. I created a cheap spark gap using a large pill jar, a couple of carriage bolts I bought from Home Depot and some nuts and washers to fix them to the ends of the jar. I then wound a large coil of wire around the container to pick up the radial discharges from the spark. I connected the screw ends from the spark gap to the electrodes on the Wimhurst Machine to power the spark gap (I hand cranked it). Now, before I go into the experiments that I tried, I should tell you what inspired me to mess with this in the first place. It all started with me playing around with the Wimhurst machine. I was just cranking it over to see how big I could get the sparks to go. Then I got this idea to try and *measure* the voltage that was building up in the two leyden jars that charged the machine. I *thought* I could accomplish this because there appeared to be some posts on the base of the board for connecting jumper cables to it. So I grabed my digital Multimeter, set it on the 1000 volts range, and connected the leads to the pins on the base board. As I expected, I saw 1000+ volt spikes appear on the meter as the sparks jumped the gap, but what I found out next surprised me. I disconnected the meter from the base completely and had it sitting on the table about a foot or two away from the generator and as I cranked it over again, I was still getting the same 1000+ volt spikes appearing on the screen. Now, I got curious and thought I would see how much ?current? was showing up across the disconnected probe leads so I set it on the 20A range and cranked away some more. Now I was seeing 14-18+ amp spikes on the screen! Now my first suspicion was that the meter was getting really bugged up from the discharges from the spark gap and giving me erroneous readings. So then I grabbed an analog meter with the same range capability and tried the same experiment with it. This time nothing happened.

So that is when I thought I would build a spark gap (inspired by some Grey Tube stuff I was checking out at the time) and wind a coil around it to pick up the discharges more directly. So I constructed the spark gap and connected it up like I described earlier. Then I took the leads coming from the coil and connected them to the volt meter. I was thinking that the inductance of the could would hopefully smooth out the voltage spikes so I could get a good ?average? voltage reading that the slow analog meter could register. This time I did register a voltage that was about 20-30V. The magnitude of course was dependent on how fast I cranked over the Wimhurst machine and the distance between the electrodes in my cheapo spark gap.

But! I wasn?t done yet! I decided to try the one wire approach as well. So, I took one wire from the coil on the spark gap, ran that to the + lead of an LED I had laying around, and then connected the other leg of the LED to one side of a capacitor I had laying around (6uF, 600V AC cap). This time, when I cranked the machine, I could see my LED faintly glowing as the sparks discharged! (Not as brightly as with my one-wire Diode circuit though).

Next, I completely disconnected my homemade spark gap from the Wimhurst machine and connected the + leg of the LED directly to one of the spark gap electrodes using a long alligator clip cable. I then connected the other leg to the same capacitor as before. This time when I cranked over the machine, the LED lit up even brighter! (still kinda sorta dim but it was a bit better).

Now, for my last experiment, I connected up my 1:1 transformer to the same one wire coming from the electrode of the Wimhurst machine. To the secondary coil, I connected a bridge rectifier so I could monitor the DC voltage and amperage output if there was any. But I was using thin alagator clamp wires to make the connections from the transformer to the rectifier. When I cranked over the Wimhurst machine I noticed that the thin lead wires twitched and jerked violently as the sparks jumped across the gap (which was probably about 2-3 inches wide). I also noted that I got a shock from the thin wires if I did not discharge the caps from the Wimhurst machine before touching the wires. This confused me because they were not directly connected to the machine (only through the transformer) and at that point, I didn?t have any caps attached to the secondary side to store any charge with.

I did some other miscellaneous experiments with this setup but I tried so many variations that I can barely remember what happened. But one thing is for sure. I was definitely noticing some of the effects that Tesla mentioned with the spark discharges (minus the tingling sensations). This effect did have an interesting way of bugging up my meters too. When I was trying to measure the voltage with the analog meters I had, they sometimes would read a voltage and then the needle would get stuck that way and wouldn?t return to normal for a few hours. So I really wasn?t able to get any objective current readout either using that method. I did connect my scope a number of times, which showed 300+ V spikes across the DC part of the rectifier. But I don?t know what the amperage was (probably not much).

Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #7 on: July 30, 2007, 12:40:07 AM »
Here is some additional information that may contribute to our longitudinal wave research. I copied this post from a user on OU.com named Mike (don't recall his screen name). It's about transmission lines:

The easy way to consider transmission line theory is to study waves at the
shore/ harbour where there is a vertical wall at approx. right angles to the
waves; water behaves in exactly the same 'elastic way' that inductors and
capacitors do!

The easiest way is to consider a 'step function' (short pulse) or wave, you
apply a voltage to the first inductor, Capacitor is an instantaneous short,
and inductor an instantaneous open circuit, current begins to build and the
capacitor begins to charge, a point is reached when the capacitor volts
equals the supply volts, BUT, the current has now reached the maximum it
can, but is still flowing so the voltage climbs higher, it is higher than
the input now, and would climb to twice the input before it stops (simple
resonance), but, as soon as the voltage appears across the first capacitor
it begins to flow through the second inductors and charges the second
capacitor, so no exccess voltage developed, the 'wave travels down the (now
called 'artificial transmission line' at a speed related to the capacitance
and inductance; the line will have a 'characteristic impedance' which is
related to the transit time of the wave.

So far, all is in order; then the last capacitor begins to charge, and it
cannot 'pass the can' any further, so it's voltage actually reaches twice
the supply voltage, which then travels back down the line superimposed on
the original supply volts, and after the transit time ( I suspect the
reciprocal of the resonant frequency 170us) then you will see double the
voltage at the input (maybe more, deeper theory)

Return to the sea shore, watch the incoming wave being fully reflected (if
not shallow water causes it to break) at some point out to sea, you will see
this reflected wave pass right through the next incoming without damage,
but, with a constant time between the waves, the peak WILL ALWAYS BE IN THE
SAME PLACE;and twice the amplitude! It will also be observed that there will
also be an addition of troughs as well as peaks!

Take a quick break, and imagine the wall to be tangental to the wave, there
will be a pattern developed which will move along the wall, two walls to
reflect back and forth, and inject the wave at exactly the right angle......

In a sentence you have a 'hitchhikers guide' to all transmission line and
waveguide RF power transmission techniques & devices!

Fascinating things, don't want the reflection, want power to be used at
other end, load with a resistor or device that is the same value as the
characteristic impedance, now you understand 75 OHM TV feeder and aerial,
has to be matched, wrong cable, reduced or no signal (BTW it doesn't absorb
the power, 75 OHM is non dissipative it's reactive, and never keeps the
power; subject of course to 'losses' which always occur)

More strange effects, make the open circuit termination a quarter wave
length, and the reflection is a short circuit, used to couple waveguides,
with no losses at the connections

Make it a half wave, and voltage is double and no load; Used in radar
circuits, Early warning radar I worked on had just this, open circuit delay
of 5us, 1,000 volts fed in, 2,000 back, lasting precisely 5us in a very
sharp and clean pulse, short circuit this into a transformer and draw 2500
amps for exactly this time, transform into 75,000 volts and give it to a
magnetron (as in microwave cooker) and you have the Marconi Type 80, 5
megawatt early warning radar transmitter of 1960's vintage.

Back to the article, depending on the exact frequency match, you can have
any number of standing waves and impedances, and a mismatch can cause quite
phenomenal voltages to build up, may be in phase, antiphase, or travelling!

This sort of device is often applied to aerials to match them precisely to a
given frequency transmitter, or transmitter to any aerial which may not be
an 'ideal' length called 'matcing stubs.' If any of you have a VHF RT on
your boat and have a slim wire aerial, you can see the matching coil and
assy at the base!

MeggerMan

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #8 on: July 30, 2007, 12:41:39 AM »
Hi Jason,
I watched your videos, very good.
Is this not just an antenna effect where the RF energy is radiating through your piece of metal  or piece of wire?
The result being you get a potential across the LEDs.
If you have say a 1 Meg resistor in series with the function generator will you see the same results?
You still have a pulse but very little current flow to light the LEDs.

If a bird lands (not that they would) on a TV transmitter antenna, how long does it take before it burst into flames ;)

Regards
Rob




Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #9 on: July 30, 2007, 01:03:55 AM »
Also, I want to share with you some videos from my very first TPU build. When I ran these tests, I was able to light up a single LED from the collector coil, which was extremely frequency sensitive. I talk about all the details of the connections in the video but I did make a couple of boo-boos. For one, I say that the vinyl tubing is 3/4" and it is actually 3/8" I may have said some other stuff but is was like 3:30AM in the morning when I got it running so I was a bit loopy, lol. I am currently uploading the videos to YouTube since I keep getting timeout errors on here. I'll post the links to them as soon as they are finished.

I also attached a scope shot of the input waveform going into the bifilar control coils. Notice that the sine wave is actually a harmonic sine wave! So I actually had the effect of three frequencies input with only one! (I was actually inputing square waves but when they got close to resonance, the harmonic sine wave was what resulted).

God Bless,
Jason O

Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #10 on: July 30, 2007, 01:08:25 AM »
Hi Jason,
I watched your videos, very good.
Is this not just an antenna effect where the RF energy is radiating through your piece of metal  or piece of wire?
The result being you get a potential across the LEDs.
If you have say a 1 Meg resistor in series with the function generator will you see the same results?
You still have a pulse but very little current flow to light the LEDs.

If a bird lands (not that they would) on a TV transmitter antenna, how long does it take before it burst into flames ;)

Regards
Rob

Hi Rob,

That very well could be the case. My interpretation is that the piece of metal that is added to the circuit acts as a reservoir of charge that can be shuttled around in the Diode loop by the changing potential from the function generator. I can't say that it was overunity or anything because I had no way to take input measurements on the function generator. The effect was what I found most fascinating.

God Bless,
Jason O

Jdo300

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #11 on: July 30, 2007, 01:47:05 AM »
OK everyone,

Here are the links to the videos of the TPU:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6NlO-fVr_U
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3x4Jy7DcwY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYtzwwRD8yA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7ZowgyGOVw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=putV7OPxLD4

Also, notice in the videos that I mention the circuit works better when the coil becomes charged! This is in line with what Bob has been telling us about the output bias! It's all there guys!

God Bless,
Jason O

tao

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #12 on: July 30, 2007, 07:22:17 PM »
Highly recommend the viewing of Konstantine Meyl's "Power Engineering Scalar Field Theory - Faraday vs. Maxwell and Demonstration of Longitudinal Wave Transmission (Konstantin Meyl) (2003)"...

He really goes into everything, nicely....

That 18 minute clip was from this same video, but the 1hr30mins before those 18 minutes, that is where the model is fully described, quite awesome.

MarkSnoswell

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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #13 on: July 31, 2007, 04:50:54 AM »
@ Tao -- do you have link for that video?  ... Konstantine Meyl's "Power Engineering Scalar Field Theory - Faraday vs. Maxwell and Demonstration of Longitudinal Wave Transmission (Konstantin Meyl) (2003)".



OK... I am realt running out of time. I'll be in the US for most of next month and I wanted to provide an update before I get too busy.

Attached are some pictures of various coils I have lying around. I have another whole collection of very interesting coils but their not for public display just yet. -- see , I do a resonable amount of experimental work ;)

I have a heap of counterwound coils -- easy to make when you know how... you make the two coils seperatly, push them together and spot glue with superglue. The trick is that two counterwound coils are not topologically linked... something no one seems to have noticed before! (you should see the array of truly stupid methods the CTHA patents have for winding counterwound coils!) ...the reason I point this out is there are some key tests I want to do and someone else may get a chance long before I will...


Fact: I'ts easy to detect longitudinal wave resonance mosd in a long, single layer solenoid coil.

Question 1: Is it easy to detect a longitudinal wave resonsnce mode in a narrow open wound solenoid?


Hypothesis: A counterwound coil will cancel out the magnetic field and elimenate the normal quater wave transverse wave resonance mode. However it will not elimenate the longitudinal wave resonsnce mode.

Experiment: Make a long counterwound coil. Keep the two coils electrically seperate. Drive one component coil at a time (open ended) and identify the quater wave transverse and the  half wave longitudinal wave resnonsce modes. Now drive both component coils at once -- this should elimenate the transverse wave resonsnce but leave the longitudinal wave resonance.

Anyone up for testing this out? I will be doing this when I get back in September. I will also test with a ferrite core to try and slow down the wave to bring the resonsnce down into a more managable frequency range.


Hypothesis: As the primary transmission component of longitudinal waves is a dielectric wave parallel to the transmission direction then a coil of cunducting material may be replaced by a single solid dielectric transmission line. I plan to test teflon, carbon and ferrite. (I have already done ferrite tests -- with a possitive results although there is great complications due to the magnetoelestic and villari effects). I also plan to test carbon fiber coils (I have a big roll of carbon fiber tow sitting around which helps).


and now for the pics...

cheers

mark.


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Re: Longitudinal wave research
« Reply #14 on: August 02, 2007, 07:28:03 AM »
I would like this say this and with out disput, nothing , bad  about Bob but .. the the phic  world  and Dr Snoswel we got a real problem, ,, the alinement of the iron busmuthe in the toriiod is not moulueculrcsrd alined, we need to frezze this to 301 to 322 below zero to aline the  structure,  the acustily affected streinght is the bias the out put. otherwis we will get the lighting effects due to the collapps of the b feild in witch the LMD mag feilf take over the toaltal effect ,  are you going to be in the states long i need to caht with yo on the 25 dr na 15 ditomic effets  dammm i benn up to long get in touch with DR snoswell ,,,,, i'm lost  Mike                    PS  in construction of magnetics oand molecurler reconstruction I'm no genious , I know how to make lighting !  but power eludes me , it has always been a product  of  the by product of the model but never a product to use.