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Author Topic: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board  (Read 111251 times)

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #105 on: October 06, 2019, 04:17:33 PM »
Maybe a bit too early but this will explain a lot in next steps :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrDxSM91Jcg
Yes this video  is amazing thank  you for that.
This is a lot to talk  about it but I'm on something  now
I'll be back...soon
Wesley 

groot

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #106 on: October 06, 2019, 05:39:26 PM »
Just as in video posted earlier.
Transmission line is my tesla coil ( top load and secondary coil ) at 1/4 wavelenght of 480 feet  and resonance frequency of 512 kHz.
Apparently my cheap scope  can picture this idea only when feed with square wave and i lack skill to observe sine wave this way. 
thank you

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #107 on: October 06, 2019, 08:32:10 PM »
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=imgres&cd=&ved=2ahUKE
wiRlfex3uTjAhVnuVkKHZm9Dm8Qjhx6BAgBEAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodyncorp.com%2
Ftools%2F450%2Fimpedance.html&psig=AOvVaw2GAepZpPzpzVpqdNpDhmvh&ust=1564854222455359  i
t will redirect you to
https://www.biodyncorp.com/tools/450/impedance.html - this link alone may not work  try  upper one.

Important for:
- Luc
-any other builder  of the Tesla  coil and  for Tesla coil Tx  Rx energy  transmission system form point A to B
- Tesla coil extracting energy  from Schumann waveguide builder


Mechanism explained in this link shows interaction of my body with Lightbulb  I was holding in my hand .
I was not touching  metal contact of the lightbulb.
https://youtu.be/XOTLfnMOSqQ?t=416
My body reacted as part of electrical circuit  and it was( reactively) - capacitively coupled to the lightbulb

And now forget about me and my body
Just take it as solution  that can be applied to any resonance circuit so 
- the same mechanism can be applied to our Tesla coil.

Our goal is to  create TEM in TM mode
and we are using  the same elements of impedance:
( capacitive and inductive reactances and resistance )
to provide impedance match between Tx and Rx.
Or to  be more accurate what is the  relation of the:
phase angle and  resonant circuit  reactive components  XL and  Xc
The two of the components makes X(  the reactance)
The X and R(  resistance of the conductor) makes Z(  the  impedance)
That Z can be:
- our  body Z
or
- our wire in our coil Z
and/or
- our primary or  secondary  HV coil
and/or
- our primary or  secondary  HV coil and Top Capacitor
or
- any  of elements  of  the structure that in  summary makes  the total impedance of
Tx system or Tx/Rx pair connected  by use of interface


Types  of interface:
-e.g
Goubau  line uses  wire coated with   dielectric and that should be   named  the interface, but it is not.
- two dielectrics differing  with their  dielectric properties   such  as Teflon  and Polyamide  makes interface
- conductive medium such as  aluminum foil  and  air creates  interfaced as well
- lossy conductive  medium a such  as earth   and air creates interface too
and so on...

more is here:
https://overunity.com/18335/wireless-energy-transfer-experiments-builders-board/msg539517/#msg539517

We also need to provide condition to our Tx where  the
two components of impedance cancel each other and our HV part
of Tesla Coil will be in resonance by that.

So simply by looking at the graph you can see how Phase angle  is responsible for other elements of impedance listed here (and/or  reverse).
look at  the  picture  below read everything  but don't read  words "human body"
and that explains what is  going on in Tesla coil

 I hope that is  easy to understand.

So why do we need it?
Answer:
This is mechanism of Tuning of our Tx and Rx
Wesley


Wesley

r2fpl

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #108 on: October 07, 2019, 01:47:00 PM »

gotoluc

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #109 on: October 07, 2019, 03:44:45 PM »
Two coaxial cable: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4TVefHjk-U

Witajcie.

Nie jestem pewien, jaką część testu uważasz za interesującą?
Nie widzę, która to jest niebieska sonda, a która żółta sonda na oscyloskopie.
Zauważyłem 180 stopniowe przesunięcie fazowe pomiędzy wejściem i wyjściem, kiedy fala sinusoidalna jest powtarzana.
Proszę napisać po polsku, żebym mógł tłumaczyć.

Dziękuję

Hello

I'm not sure what part of your test you find interesting?
I can't see which is the blue probe or yellow probe on the oscilloscope.
I noticed a 180 degrees phase shift between input and output when sine wave is repeated.
Please write in Polish so I can translate.

Thank you

r2fpl

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #110 on: October 07, 2019, 04:26:37 PM »
A 180 degree shift for the same signal is interesting when TWO wires are connected.
See that the yellow output amplitude is greater than the input. You will only see this when you match the resistor.
I am not saying anything yet.


Yellow - ch1  (left side on video) OUTPUT
Blue - ch2 (right side on video)  + SG

PIC: (square, sine)

gotoluc

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #111 on: October 07, 2019, 04:54:05 PM »
A 180 degree shift for the same signal is interesting when two wires are connected.
See that the yellow output amplitude is greater than the input. You will only see this when you match the resistor.
I am not saying anything yet.


Yellow - ch1  (left side on video) OUTPUT
Blue - ch2 (right side on video)  + SG

PIC: (meander, sine)

Dzięki za zdjęcia oscyloskopu.
Teraz jest bardzo jasne, co pokazujesz.
Czy pierwszy oscyloskop obrazuje wejście fali kwadratowej, a drugi oscyloskop obrazuje wejście fali sinusoidalnej?
Czy jest jakaś różnica, czy kabel koncentryczny jest cewką czy nie?
Dziękujemy za udostępnienie

Uwzględnia
Luc

Thanks for the oscilloscope pictures.
Now it is very clear what you are showing.
Is the first oscilloscope pictures a square wave input and the second oscilloscope pictures a sine wave input?
Is there a difference if the coaxial cable is a coil or not?
Thank you for sharing

Regards
Luc

r2fpl

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #112 on: October 07, 2019, 05:42:33 PM »

1.Is the first oscilloscope pictures a square wave input and the second oscilloscope pictures a sine wave input?
2.Is there a difference if the coaxial cable is a coil or not?



1. YES  (square, sine)
2. no coil.

r2fpl

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #113 on: October 07, 2019, 06:47:17 PM »
Difference measurement with LED

https://youtu.be/PJwnof1eLwU

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #114 on: October 07, 2019, 07:33:16 PM »
From Wesley: Special  Thank you speedy125

PART#1
IMPORTANT!!
speedy125 send link:
This work was supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar under GrantTitle:
Title:
Wireless Energy Harvesting by Direct Voltage Multiplication on Lateral Waves From a Suspended Dielectric Layer

 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8053760


Marconi’s early experiments,
ABSTRACT:
This paper explores the feasibility of wireless energy harvesting by direct voltage multiplication on lateral waves.
 
Quote
wireless energy was successfully and safely transmitted and harvested over 2 miles of a hilly area by grounding
and lengthening monopole antenna as a way to reduce
the aperture size of the antenna. Marconi concluded from his first breakthrough experiment that his antenna
 radi-ated vertically polarized radio waves that could travel distances much longer than other conventional counter-
parts. Later, he even achieved non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation of  wireless  power  across  the  Atlantic

Quote
Trapped surface wave is an evanescent wave propagating by successive internal reflections due to an incident electromagnetic wave
 striking at an interface with an angle greater than the critical angle

Quote
Trapped surface wave is an evanescent wave propagating by successive internal reflections due to an incident
 electromag-netic wave striking at an interface with an angle greater than the critical angle.

So that says  that angle can be bigger  than instead  of statement of  Corum Bros  that angle  of  wave tilt in significantly  critical
and must be  exact.  This information   sufficiently  simplifies  our study  and experiments
However  Dr King stays  that:
 This lateral wave( another name  for Surface  Wave although some scholars  see  the differences  between the  two)
 is a
Quote
vertically polarized electromagnetic wave on the top surface of the ground as a result of an incident electromagnetic
wave striking the air-ground interface from below at exactly the critical angle

Quote
Interface between two different dielectric media, the critical angle is only applicable to the dielectric medium with a higher refractive index.To excite this lateral wave, it is logical to bury the lower end of transmitting and receiving aerials into the dielectric
layer with a higher refractive index in much the same way as grounding a monopole antenna in Tesla’s or Marconi’s work [2], [16]–[18].
In fact, the vertically polarized radio wave as referred by Marconi or ground current referred by Nikola Tesla is most likely equivalent to
the lateral wave referred by King, Tamir and many other researchers in the field of wireless energy harvesting.

Quote
suspended layer of dielectric material can be modeled as a 4-layered stratified ground with imperfectly conducting ground.
The stratified ground with imperfectly conducting ground can support propagation of both trapped surface waves and lateral waves

The existence of trapped surface waves is possible if and only if the suspended layer of dielectric material is sufficiently thick,
perhaps, thicker than half of the wavelength.
To rule out the possibility of trapped surface waves being present to a significant extent,
we have chosen to study the suspended dielectric layer with a thickness substantially smaller than half of the wavelength.
Examples of this stratified ground with imperfectly conducting bottom plane
include a table top, an iron-reinforced concrete wall or any suspended dielectric layer coated with an oxide.


Conclusions from part#1
Conclusion#1 from part#1
Ground should be layered that  means:
e.g:
-sand
-gravel 
-rock
Conclusion#2 from part#1
- that could  possibly  explain why  in Kazakhstan Akula device works and  not  in Riga Latvia
but
- Ruslan device   works in Riga  Latvia at another  location than Akulas device  in Riga Latvia  and  doesn't  work in Hamburg Germany.


Discription of  the picture below:

This dielectric configuration is similar to the 4-layered ground that has already been considered in other studies [14], [20],
 with
an exception that the bottom layer in the present work is a layer of air with an extremely small conductivity.
The red line on the picture shows  both :
- the  angle  of wave tilt
-  the surface wave  named as : lateral   wave in the interface.

Note:  lateral wave and surface wave are  explained as differing in properties by some   scientists  however  for simplicity,  we 
           omitted  such controversies in regards to this type  of TEM in TM  mode.   
 
Wesley

gotoluc

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #115 on: October 07, 2019, 10:26:53 PM »
Difference measurement with LED

https://youtu.be/PJwnof1eLwU

Zauważyłem, że w tym filmie nie ma przesunięcia fazowego o 180 stopni!
Czy znalazłeś błąd w pierwszym filmie i teraz jest on poprawny (brak przesunięcia fazowego)?

Uwzględnia
Luc

I noticed there is no 180 degrees phase shift in this video!
Did you find an error in first video and now it's correct (no phase shift)?

Regards
Luc

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #116 on: October 07, 2019, 10:54:17 PM »
IMPORTANT!!
PART#2
of:
speedy125  link:

This work was supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar under GrantTitle:
Title:
Wireless Energy Harvesting by Direct Voltage Multiplication on Lateral Waves From a Suspended Dielectric Layer

 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8053760

From  part  #1  we have learned   that earth as    multilayered part of interface  is suggested.
that is  in line  with Marconi’s early experiments,
the paper explores the feasibility of wireless energy harvesting by direct voltage multiplication on lateral waves.
Quote
This dielectric configuration is similar to the 4-layered ground that has already been considered in other studies [14], [20],
with an exception that the bottom layer in the present work is a layer of air with an extremely small conductivity.
The relative permittivities of layers 0, 1, 2 and 3 are respectively ε0,ε1,ε2 and ε3, where ε0=ε3=1.
The thicknesses of layer 0 and layer 3 is assumed to be infinity.
The distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is denoted by  r. Layer 1 and layer 2, respectively,
have a finite thickness l1 and l 2. The length of the vertically mounted[/font]dipole is of approximately 1/4 -wavelength of the chosen operating frequency.
The apparent pathway of a lateral wave is highlighted in red.
As shown in Fig. 1, the deeper the dipole is submerged underneath the top surface of layer 1, the more energy
radiated out from the base of the vertical dipole will be striking the interface between air and layer 1 at critical angle
and the more energy will be converted into a lateral wave

-Transverse magnetic field (of TM)  mode  in the multi-layered ground can be modeled infrequency domain.
- dielectric layer can be suspended in mid-air
That alone corresponds  with  my   experiment here:
https://youtu.be/XOTLfnMOSqQ?t=409

Wesley

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #117 on: October 07, 2019, 11:17:13 PM »
PART#3
of:
speedy125  link:

This work was supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar under GrantTitle:
Title:
Wireless Energy Harvesting by Direct Voltage Multiplication on Lateral Waves From a Suspended Dielectric Layer

 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8053760

From  part  #1  we have learned   that
-earth as    multilayered part of interface  is suggested.
-that is  in line  with Marconi’s early experiments,
-the paper explores the feasibility of wireless energy harvesting by direct voltage multiplication on lateral waves.
-we could also look at  picture  representing multilayered  interface
-  we  had the first look at wave behavior while  "loading" into  interface

From  part  #2  we have learned:
- the  differences  between  regular EM wave known also as Space wave and Surface wave.
- the 4 layer suggested   ground  as one of parts of interface Air/Earth
- the wave  in  the  interface  must  be  in TM  mode
==============================================================

To support propagation of trapped surface waves, a dielectric layer should have a thickness at least half wavelength.
This means that there will not be any significant contribution of energy to the receiving end due to a trapped surface wave
if the suspended dielectric layer is too thin.
. If an incoming electromagnetic wave strikes at either interface of an extremely thin dielectric layer at critical angle,
the electromagnetic energy will be forced to propagate along the upper and lower interface in the form of a lateral wave
with an extremely high current density
Since the lateral wave from the interface between layer 3 and layer 2 has to propagate through a much longer and more attenuated pathway before reaching the receiver,
the contribution of the branch cut k3 to the receiving end can be assumed to be negligible although this assumption can be invalid if the suspended dielectric layer is too thin.
Note: for layers look at picture here:
https://overunity.com/18335/wireless-energy-transfer-experiments-builders-board/dlattach/attach/174186/image//
or at Part#1
Wesley

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #118 on: October 07, 2019, 11:40:54 PM »
From Wesley: Special  Thank you speedy125

PART#4
IMPORTANT!!
speedy125 send link:
This work was supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar under GrantTitle:
Title:
Wireless Energy Harvesting by Direct Voltage Multiplication on Lateral Waves From a Suspended Dielectric Layer

 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8053760


From  part  #1  we have learned   that
-earth as    multilayered part of interface  is suggested.
-that is  in line  with Marconi’s early experiments,
-the paper explores the feasibility of wireless energy harvesting by direct voltage multiplication on lateral waves.
-we could also look at  picture  representing multilayered  interface
-  we  had the first look at wave behavior while  "loading" into  interface

From  part  #2  we have learned:
- the  differences  between  regular EM wave known also as Space wave and Surface wave.
- the 4 layer suggested   ground  as one of parts of interface Air/Earth
- the wave  in  the  interface  must  be  in TM  mode

From  part  #3  we have learned:
-  that  the thickness of both layers  of the  interface is expected  to be 1/4 of  the  wavelength Y
============================================================

V. HARVESTING ENERGY FROM LATERAL WAVES BYDIRECT VOLTAGE MULTIPLICATION
In one of Tesla’s lectures [18], Tesla has highlighted the fact that power transmission
by one-wire transmission line is equivalent to wireless power transfer. Although the link between
power transfer by one wire and wireless power transmission has not been well explored in other research literature,
it was found in a recently published work [21] that the energy from a time-varying electromagnetic field can be
captured by a one wire transmission without any antenna.
In this work, wireless energy is harvested from lateral waves on the surface of a suspended dielectric layer
using a little known open-ended voltage multiplier.
Fig. below illustrates the schematic diagram of the open-ended voltage multiplier similar to the one proposed in .
This open-ended voltage multiplier has an input terminated by an open-circuited Goubau line.
Goubau line is one-wire transmission line having characteristic impedance very close to the characteristic
impedance of free space.
If the end of the Goubau is left open-circuited, it becomes a monopole antenna which captures ambient electromagnetic field right
on the top surface of the suspended dielectric layer without any other form of antenna.
The voltage sensed by the Goubau line is rectified into at DC voltage using the well-known Avremenko’s diode configuration formed by diodes
D1 and D2 [22], [23]. Thevoltages across D1 and D2 are very limited because each of the diodes has its own maximum forward voltage.
However, before reaching the output, the voltages across D1 and D2 can undergo voltage multiplication by the differential voltage
multiplier formed by diodes D3,D4,D5 and capacitances C1,]C2,C3 and C4.
The output voltage is the sum of the voltages of all the diodes D1-D6.
The fundamental AC voltage across D1 and D2, 2V D, depends on the time-varying electromagnetic field
captured by the Goubau line, which cannot be changed by changing the circuit topology.
However, the AC voltage across each of all other diodes D3-D6 can be force-increased to a maximum of 2VD by introducing the AC shorts formed
by capacitors C1-C4.
All the diodes used in this circuit are assumed to be the same and all the discrete capacitors used in the circuit are assumed to have a capacitance C.
If the parasitic inductance Lp is sufficiently small, then the output voltage can be derived and approximated using the approach given in Appendix I

n is the intrinsic ideality of the diode.
Is is the reverse saturation current of each of the diodes.
nKT/q is the threshold voltage, which is typical 25 mV at room temperature.
f is the operating frequency.
The formula given in (16) assumes that the load resistance is infinitely large.
The last term of (16) also accounts for the frequency dependent effects due to the capacitances in the layout.

The prototypes for the proposed open-ended voltage multiplier have been fabricated on a Rogers Duroid (TM) substrate 4350B
with thickness=1.52mm.
Fig. 2 shows the details of the proposed open-ended voltage multiplier.
The diodes used for fabricating prototypes in this work were SMS7630-093 from Skyworks.
The schematic diagram, the photo of the fabricated prototype and the simulated electric field distribution
at 1.24 GHz are respectively shown in Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c.
The input impedance of the opened voltage multiplier was approximately 400 ohm according to electromagnetic
simulation.
It should be noted that, for the purpose of verifying the design against the simulation,
the output voltages of the proposed voltage multipliers were first measured as a function of frequency
when the input terminals were fed with a 50 ohm microwave power source (E8267D, Agilent Technologies) at 20 dBm.
The measured results together with the results of layout/schematic co-simulation done using Keysight’s Momentum are shown in Fig. 2d.

Wesley

stivep

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Re: Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board
« Reply #119 on: October 07, 2019, 11:43:24 PM »
From Wesley: Special  Thank you speedy125

PART#5
IMPORTANT!!
speedy125 send link:
This work was supported in part by the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar under GrantTitle:
Title:
Wireless Energy Harvesting by Direct Voltage Multiplication on Lateral Waves From a Suspended Dielectric Layer

 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8053760


From  part  #1  we have learned   that
-earth as    multilayered part of interface  is suggested.
-that is  in line  with Marconi’s early experiments,
-the paper explores the feasibility of wireless energy harvesting by direct voltage multiplication on lateral waves.
-we could also look at  picture  representing multilayered  interface
-  we  had the first look at wave behavior while  "loading" into  interface

From  part  #2  we have learned:
- the  differences  between  regular EM wave known also as Space wave and Surface wave.
- the 4 layer suggested   ground  as one of parts of interface Air/Earth
- the wave  in  the  interface  must  be  in TM  mode

From  part  #3  we have learned:
-  that  the thickness of both layers  of the  interface is expected  to be 1/4 of  the  wavelength Y

From  part  #4  we have learned:
Basic schematic   of  Avramenko fork and  voltage multiplier   that can be used at any frequency
in association with Goubau line or any other type of interface.
===============================================================================
V. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS OF BASIC WPT (Wireless Power Transmission)CONFIGURATION
The feasibility of wireless power transfer based on the proposed voltage multipliers has been explored using
the experimental configurations as shown in Figs 3a and 3b. Fig 3a
illustrates an experimental configuration where the transmitted energy is expected to be primarily a lateral wave.
Fig 3b shows an experimental configuration focusing on space waves only.
In either configuration, the transmitting[/font]end is mounted with a base-fed monopole antenna formed by
a planar Goubau line, and the receiving end is vertically
mounted with the proposed open-ended voltage multiplier terminated with a 1M load resistor.
The measured results of this work are shown in Fig. 3c.
Wesley