Quote from: sm0ky2 on Today at 02:28:34 AMAs you no doubt know, capillary action, contrary to the claims above, does not violate any laws of thermodynamics and is not "overunity" or a source of free energy. The Wicky Wheel isn't overunity, nor is it a perpetual motion machine, any more than a "thirsty bird" toy is. It's a heat engine. @sm0ky2: Google "capillary thermodynamics" for more information.... if you dare.
Thank you TK. I was just trying to make a point to TR,
It seems he is slowly changing his spiritual-science morphology, and replacing it with
a new-age belief system, I was hoping to spark his awakening in the interim.
I don’t know if they are ready for a true understanding of that,
but what the hell the cats out of the bag now.
Yes, wick-wheel is actually “renewable” energy.
But to prove that I have to redefine gravity.
On a comprehensive level, all “free energy” comes from some source.
And by this fact, Overunity is a unicorn, like the “closed system” that defines it.
Both are impossible, or equivalently non-existent.
When we don’t know what that source is, or cannot definitively identify it,people tend to assign some mystical force or ability, or call it perpetual.
Capillary is actually a demonstration of Bernoulli’s “virtual work”.
The wick-wheel, (when observed from the outside to be thermally isolated),is exactly like an inverted drinking-bird toy.
The drinking bird converts heat into gravitational potential, then to kinetic energy.
The wick-wheel converts surface-tension into gravitational potential into heatthen into kinetic energy.
(in isolation, internal temperature increases as a result of work done by gravity)
[which itself is like chasing unicorns, a “closed-system which allows gravity to enter”]
Different fluids have different surface tensions,
We can use oils and vapors with the use of surfactants to make self-operating fluid pumps
we can cause the same effectwithout capillaries, using the surface tension of plasmas (ion-wind surfing)
But we are mostly talking about water.
since the surface tension of air has negligible effects,and for all intensive purposes, the pressure at the interface is = 1 (atm)
We can assume the density of my water and your water to be the same, originating from thesame reservoir and being treated with a Tx standard water treatment process.
However, comparisons to other water densities does not result in a great range of h of the meniscus.
For accuracy we could all use purified water, but it doesn’t really matter.
Surface tension is the defining factor, we can alter this with contaminants,but let us assume it is some average value for drinking water.
We are using cylindrical tubes, with a narrow internal diameter,but this is merely a convenience, this can be done with flat surfaces or any shape we choose.
But let us assume that our tubes are identical within our experiments and closely similar to each others, so that the variables are minimized.
The two forces at play are gravity and the anteforce caused by surface tension.
for this reason, the capillary effect is gravity-dependent.
In no container or in a container with large distances between walls,
The reaction of the tension to the gravitational force results in a flat surface, perpendicular tothe force.
In a small cylindrical capillary, the surface tension adheres the water to the inner wallsof the tube.
with the tube oriented vertically, the downward force of gravity on the surface of the water, and theanteforce of the tension result in a pressure differential, which causes an increase in temperature and gravitational potential energy.
We can calculate the potential, by the mass of water and it’s height dispersed up the tube.
And with exception to the water contained in a thickness of the meniscus, this potential energycan be extracted.
The change in internal temperature is proportional to the change in pressure inside the capillary.
plus some minimal frictional constant.
The volume, being a constant cylindrical height of the water column, allows us to calculate the change in internal pressure.
We don’t really know what the pressure is, because we cannot measure it.
we can only back-door the equations by measuring the change in other variables.
Since we hold most of these constant, the change in temperature over the volume defines the internal change in pressure.
(since frictional heat adds to total change in T, it’s already accounted for)
this is a very small value of heat, but is thermodynamically important, because the change in pressure is significant, within a very small volume.
The flow of the water is derived from the surface tension force remaining after gravity, at height h’which is some point lower than the h of the water column (minus the thickness of the meniscus)
and its’ volume and density (which we hold constant)
This is in the unit of Newton-seconds per Meter
Which define both the momentum of the flowing water
AND its’ viscosity.
We can do this experiment many times across the planet,and within the variances I stated above (and some that aren’t worth getting into)
That value is ~8.9 (x10^-4) Ns/m
This is generally taken as a truncated value of the cube-root of the volume
applied to an infinitesimal layer-boundary within the cylinder.
This is waters natural ability to raise its own potential energy
and is a major part ofthe earths hydrology and primary biological force driving metabolic processes in most plant life.
Without gravity, neither of these things would occur.
(evaporation is a separate process)
As it pertains to evaporation and thermal absorbtion into the wick-wheel,
This is isolated by several inches of transparent polyurethane, and placed into a low pressureair chamber, allowing a few inches of air-space between the environment and the sealed device.
and assembled internally after all parts have reach thermal equilibrium.
This reduces thermal conductivity between the isolated system and the environment
to the order of (10^-3).
Which is enough to perform our experiments.
We find that the force, against gravity, caused by gravity (huh?) is precisely 8.9 x (10^-4) Ns/m
and that this is only affected by the diameter of the tube.
The height at which the volume’s mass then balances with the force of gravity,
We find to precisely coincide with the well known Laplace equations and the work done by
Thomas Young.
This height defines our wheel size (being something lower than the bottom of the meniscus)
The internal changes in temperature are orders of magnitude lower than the external thermal conductivity and so can be negated in this experiment.
We have only the increase in gravitational potential energy over time. J/s or Liquid Watts.
This analysis contradicts certain core assumptions of the derivational gravity constant.
From which it is formed.
So to prove one, means the other must be incomplete.
Like Einstein’s theories of relativity.
But until someone come up with a gravity model that accounts for the energy flow,
We have to work with what we’ve got.
The wick-wheel, or rather capillary effects in general, help us to improve our view of gravity.
And allow us to measure it with increasing accuracy.
I’m sure the all-knowing, everpresent “Google” has a lot of information (and misinformation)on this subject. Being that it has been studied for decades (NASA did this way before we did)
data should be plentiful.
So, in a technical sense, no the wick-wheel is not “OU”.
But it is for us because of two factors:
One - the gravitational potential well extends beyond anywhere most of us will go in our lifetimes.And two: our current model does not have a standardized viewpoint of the energy source.
Both of these must be explicitly defined.
I can prove the first.
And with the first I could prove the second.
But when I prove the second it proves the first must also include a perpendicular vector withan additional component that does not exist in the first.
It does exist in some models, in fact it is in the maxwellian model, but is discarded in the general view.
Before we can truly call this a gravity-powered heat-pump or gravity-generator,
We have to clearly define how gravity is a “source”.
So until then it is as perpetual as the solar-yard art of the da Vinci in the 14-1500’s
Archimedes screw,
or the sound-resonator of Tet (perpendicular tuning forks)
Our science isn’t prepared to deal with this sort of thing.
There’s no such thing as ‘perpetual motion’, except in the Newtonian, maxwellian,einsteinium,Ideal frictionless, massless, gravityles imaginary space-time, where an object in motion keeps going.
Here in the real world there must be a “source”.
We don’t know what possible sources there could be.
We only know the sources we have discovered, identified, and reproduced.
And only then can a theory be written to describe it.
We can do these things, but the theory disrupts the above mentioned predecessors.
And will by default have to include quantum unknown variables. (May help to define one)
Before any committee of scientists will even glance in its’ direction.
It can take a lifetime to understand the predecessor theories, another to write the theory, and a third for it to be accepted.
That type of person only comes along every 500-600 years. And it’s really up to them if they do anything with their minds. We’re due for one, and that one may already be among us or not born yet.
Will he appear in 2020 to bring us into salvation?
I don’t think that it is likely for us to predict the date of such things.