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Author Topic: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element  (Read 20636 times)

gravityblock

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The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« on: March 02, 2016, 06:57:18 PM »
A memristor is a passive two-terminal electronic component for which the resistance (dV/dI) depends in some way on the amount of charge that has flowed through the circuit. When current flows in one direction through the device, the resistance increases; and when current flows in the opposite direction, the resistance decreases. When the current is stopped, the component retains the last resistance that it had, and when the flow of charge starts again, the resistance of the circuit will be what it was when it was last active.

Memristor theory was formulated and named by Leon Chua in a 1971 paper. Leon Chua is to circuit theory as Einstien is to relativity. Thirty-seven years after he predicted the memristor, a working solid-state memristor was created by a team led by R. Stanley Williams at Hewlett Packard. Here's an informative video of R. Stanley Williams giving a keynote presentation on memristor technology at the UC San Diego Center for Networked System's Winter Research Review 2010.

In 2009, Massimiliano Di Ventra, Yuriy Pershin and Leon Chua co-wrote an article extending the notion of memristive systems to capacitive and inductive elements in the form of memcapacitors and meminductors whose properties depend on the state and history of the system.

Gravock

gravityblock

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gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #3 on: March 02, 2016, 07:32:27 PM »
Memristor simulation is possible with the Falstad Circuit Simulator.

Gravock

Nink

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #4 on: March 02, 2016, 08:44:30 PM »
HP abandoned memristors and took it off their roadmap for their super computer "The Machine".  Everyone else has been focusing on ReRAM but I think the jury is still out on if this is just another memristor variant (HP wants to say it is so the millions they flushed down the drain on Memristors didn't go to waste). Intel is now focusing on 3D Xpoint although very little is known about it and based on what has been released it looks like another CBRAM variant that is apparently 1000x NAND and higher density then DRAM.

gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #5 on: March 03, 2016, 01:13:22 AM »
HP abandoned memristors and took it off their roadmap for their super computer "The Machine".  Everyone else has been focusing on ReRAM but I think the jury is still out on if this is just another memristor variant (HP wants to say it is so the millions they flushed down the drain on Memristors didn't go to waste). Intel is now focusing on 3D Xpoint although very little is known about it and based on what has been released it looks like another CBRAM variant that is apparently 1000x NAND and higher density then DRAM.

Two letters for you at this time:  AI

Gravock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #6 on: March 03, 2016, 02:22:15 AM »
Not sure memristors have the synaptic capabilities everyone was hoping for and I don't know any research teams focused on neuromorphic (cognitive) computing who are seriously considering memristors in the AI field.  But you can prove me wrong in 10 years. 

gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #7 on: March 03, 2016, 05:37:00 AM »
Not sure memristors have the synaptic capabilities everyone was hoping for and I don't know any research teams focused on neuromorphic (cognitive) computing who are seriously considering memristors in the AI field.  But you can prove me wrong in 10 years.

No, I'll prove you wrong right now, and not in 10 years.  You are worst than wrong as always, lol.

Researchers have developed a new kind of neural circuit that uses memristor technology to replicate the complex human brain. The "intelligent" circuit was able to perform some human tasks that computers usually struggle at, such as image classification (see image and reference link below).

Reference:  Memristor circuit recreates the brain and carries out human tasks

Gravock

gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #8 on: March 03, 2016, 10:13:13 AM »

Here's a video demonstration in how a coherer can be configured as a memristor.

The basis for the operation of the coherer is that the metal particles (beads in this case) cohere or cling together and conduct electricity much better after being subjected to radio frequencies. The radio signal from the antenna is applied directly across the coherer's electrodes. When the radio signal from a "dot" or "dash" came in, the coherer would become conductive. The coherer's electrodes were also attached to a DC circuit powered by a battery that created a "click" sound in earphones or a telegraph sounder, or a mark on a paper tape, to record the signal. Unfortunately, the reduction in the coherer's electrical resistance persisted after the radio signal was removed. This was a problem because the coherer had to be ready immediately to receive the next "dot" or "dash". Therefore a decoherer mechanism was added, to tap the coherer, mechanically disturbing the particles to reset it to the high resistance state.

Coherence of particles by radio waves is an obscure phenomenon that is not well understood even today. Recent experiments with particle coherers seem to have confirmed the hypothesis that the particles cohere by a micro-weld phenomenon caused by radio frequencies flowing across the small contact area between particles. The underlying principle of so-called "imperfect contact" coherers is also not well understood, but may involve a kind of tunneling of charge carriers across an imperfect junction between conductors.

Gravock

citfta

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #9 on: March 03, 2016, 12:06:30 PM »
Thank you Gravock for the interesting posts.  I am surprised you don't have a few more people commenting about the information you have shared.  I am not sure how I would make use of the memristor but I am old enough to know that any knowledge gained may come in handy at a later time.  It is also interesting that this simple device can be made at home pretty easily.  Do you have any simple applications for it since I don't think I will be building any neural computers any time soon.

Carroll

Nink

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #10 on: March 04, 2016, 02:43:20 AM »
No, I'll prove you wrong right now, and not in 10 years.  You are worst than wrong as always, lol.

Researchers have developed a new kind of neural circuit that uses memristor technology to replicate the complex human brain. The "intelligent" circuit was able to perform some human tasks that computers usually struggle at, such as image classification (see image and reference link below).

Reference:  Memristor circuit recreates the brain and carries out human tasks

Gravock

You are kidding me, a 100 Synapse memristor created by university students is your proof. As I said NO SERIOUS RESEARCHERS are considering memristor as solution for cognitive computing.   

I am suspecting this is just an out of work HP researcher who probably spent the last 10 years of his life on memristors joined UC and convinced his students to work on his abandoned project. 

IBM Synapse chips are capable of 46 BILLION SYNATPIC operations per second but as I said you come back to me in 10 years and show me where memristor technology is. 

gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #11 on: March 04, 2016, 05:27:43 AM »
You are kidding me, a 100 Synapse memristor created by university students is your proof. As I said NO SERIOUS RESEARCHERS are considering memristor as solution for cognitive computing.   

I am suspecting this is just an out of work HP researcher who probably spent the last 10 years of his life on memristors joined UC and convinced his students to work on his abandoned project. 

IBM Synapse chips are capable of 46 BILLION SYNATPIC operations per second but as I said you come back to me in 10 years and show me where memristor technology is.

Most of the research in memristors in regards to AI is jointly funded by the SyNAPSE program (DARPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), thus DARPA is yielding the benefits of this research.  The project is primarily contracted to IBM and HRL who in turn subcontract parts of the research to various US universities.  So, it should come as no surprise that a 100 Syanapse memristor was created by university students, since this is where the funding is being funneled into.

Reference:  DARPA's SyNAPSE Program

Gravock

Nink

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #12 on: March 04, 2016, 06:18:28 AM »
Most of the research in memristors in regards to AI is jointly funded by the SyNAPSE program (DARPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), thus DARPA is yielding the benefits of this research.  The project is primarily contracted to IBM and HRL who in turn subcontract parts of the research to various US universities.  So, it should come as no surprise that a 100 Syanapse memristor was created by university students, since this is where the funding is being funneled into.

Reference:  DARPA's SyNAPSE Program

Gravock
HP was also originally part of the team that received funding from DARPA but they never even made it passed phase zero feasibility study. I recall HRL received something like 10 or 11 Million for phase 1 so HP convinced them to continue down their memristor path.  ~40 Million dollars later HRL pumped into memristor tech funded by DARPA and it never really amounted to anything so after 8 years of R&D all you have to show for it is your 100 Synapse memristor chip.

If Moores law kicks in and DARPA and others invest 100's of Millions in memristor tech your 100 Synapse memristor chip will have scaled to a whopping 3200 Synapse over the next 10 years. 

gravityblock

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #13 on: March 04, 2016, 06:46:38 AM »
If Moores law kicks in and DARPA and others invest 100's of Millions in memristor tech your 100 Synapse memristor chip will have scaled to a whopping 3200 Synapse over the next 10 years.

It appears DARPA doesn't agree with you, and I don't either.

Gravock

Nink

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Re: The Fourth Fundamental Passive Circuit Element
« Reply #14 on: March 04, 2016, 07:21:42 AM »
It appears DARPA doesn't agree with you, and I don't either.

Gravock
You are right DARPA does not believe that they will even reach 3200 Snyapse in 10 years and I don't either.

They are not stupid enough to invest any more money in memristors. Game over