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Solid States Devices => solid state devices => Topic started by: tinman on August 21, 2014, 04:01:15 AM
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This is an effect i stumbled across about a year ago,and just revisiting it. Here i have a neon being driven via the slayers electric field,and then from the neon to a small AC cap(cap size not important)via a resistor on one leg. Seems some how that the resistor gives rise to an AC offset,so as we end up with an overall DC voltage in the cap.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWnLBrDkTTc&list=UUsLiBC2cL5GsZGLcj2rm-4w
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With lots of RF around your meter could be reporting nonsense. You should look at the capacitor with a scope.
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With lots of RF around your meter could be reporting nonsense. You should look at the capacitor with a scope.
Used the scope when i found this a year ago-same result. But what do you think the scope might show in way of trace Mark?
I will go make another video ,using the scope,and post it here asap.
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Used the scope when i found this a year ago-same result. But what do you think the scope might show in way of trace Mark?
I will go make another video ,using the scope,and post it here asap.
A little while ago you demonstrated that the NE-2 can act as a rectifier. Maybe that's what's happening here. If so I would expect that the maximum voltage you can get on the capacitor is going to be the neon's cut-off voltage, maybe 65 or 70 volts or so. Just guessing though.
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Used the scope when i found this a year ago-same result. But what do you think the scope might show in way of trace Mark?
I will go make another video ,using the scope,and post it here asap.
The scope will show whether or not you have a symmetrical waveform. If the neon bulb is acting like a rectifier, even a very leaky rectifier, then the waveform will by asymmetric.
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Video uploading now.
But my guess ,after looking at the scope-i see an AC offset of about 250-300mV from the neon/cap circuit. I would say that this offset is additive over a number of pulses,until a maximum voltage is obtained in the cap. But my only question is-why dose the voltage in the cap only rise when i add a resistor in series with the neon and cap? the resistor is non linear,and i turned it around to make sure of that.
I'll leave the last bit of the post as is,but i just went and swaped the neon around,and no difference-still a DC voltage in the cap of same polarity.
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Video uploading now.
But my guess ,after looking at the scope-i see an AC offset of about 250-300mV from the neon/cap circuit. I would say that this offset is additive over a number of pulses,until a maximum voltage is obtained in the cap. But my only question is-why dose the voltage in the cap only rise when i add a resistor in series with the neon and cap? the resistor is non linear,and i turned it around to make sure of that.
I'll leave the last bit of the post as is,but i just went and swaped the neon around,and no difference-still a DC voltage in the cap of same polarity.
DC amplifiers like the ones that are in your voltmeter are susceptible to RF noise. Some meters do better than others.
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A look across the cap with the scope.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxhIVwvTo2Q&list=UUsLiBC2cL5GsZGLcj2rm-4w
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A look across the cap with the scope.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxhIVwvTo2Q&list=UUsLiBC2cL5GsZGLcj2rm-4w
That shows that the noen is acting as a leaky diode. When it is connected through the resistor, the resistor unloads the weakly rectified source and the average capacitor voltage rises.
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That shows that the noen is acting as a leaky diode. When it is connected through the resistor, the resistor unloads the weakly rectified source and the average capacitor voltage rises.
I thought that aswell,but as i wrote above,i went and turned the neon around,and no change in voltage polarity in the cap???.
So 1 thing i can think of,is that the cap itself can accept a charge in one direction better than in the other direction. So next i guess i go and swap the cap around,and see what happens. I dont think this is the case though,as i have tried many cap's,and get the same result.
The only other thing i can think of,is the effect that the resistor would have on the electric cables them self from the neon. Could the magnetic field around the cable with the resistor in series ,be weaken'd,while the other is not-resulting in a stronger field around that cable?.
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That shows that the noen is acting as a leaky diode. When it is connected through the resistor, the resistor unloads the weakly rectified source and the average capacitor voltage rises.
Oh i must ask-how exactly can a neon act as a diode. We have two plate's and a chamber full of gas.I dont see how this could be any sort of diode.
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Oh i must ask-how exactly can a neon act as a diode. We have two plate's and a chamber full of gas.I dont see how this could be any sort of diode.
hi tinman,
Just look a look at history of diode.Especially the gas discharge diode.
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I thought we have been here before. Tinman, I think you have been corrupted by you-know-who!
Recall: Only the electrode of the neon which is experiencing +negative polarity+ actually glows. It is ionizing the neon in its vicinity by donating an electron, making negative neon ions, which migrate to the anode side which is dark. This is the rectification action! When connected to AC, of course which electrode is negative changes at the line frequency, so it looks like both electrodes are glowing. They are not.
So that is why reversing the neon has no effect on the rectification. You have just put the other electrode inside the envelope, in contact with the negative polarity of your voltage source.
Now think about this: Those neons below are in series. That means the glowing electrode of one is directly connected to the dark electrode of the other one, by a little bit of wire. One glows, the other does not. Why? (For a real laugh, ask TA to explain it.)
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I thought we have been here before. Tinman, I think you have been corrupted by you-know-who!
Recall: Only the electrode of the neon which is experiencing +negative polarity+ actually glows. It is ionizing the neon in its vicinity by donating an electron, making negative neon ions, which migrate to the anode side which is dark. This is the rectification action! When connected to AC, of course which electrode is negative changes at the line frequency, so it looks like both electrodes are glowing. They are not.
So that is why reversing the neon has no effect on the rectification. You have just put the other electrode inside the envelope, in contact with the negative polarity of your voltage source.
Now think about this: Those neons below are in series. That means the glowing electrode of one is directly connected to the dark electrode of the other one, by a little bit of wire. One glows, the other does not. Why? (For a real laugh, ask TA to explain it.)
Well that makes no sence to me TK,as both electrodes would be negative at one point,as the source is AC,which would be equal and opposite to the other. So the net result of electron donating should be equal-unless the rise and fall of the electromagnetic field around the tower is not symmetrical???
In your picture above,are the neons being powered by a hard wired voltage,or wirelessly?.
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Well that makes no sence to me TK,as both electrodes would be negative at one point,as the source is AC,which would be equal and opposite to the other. So the net result of electron donating should be equal-unless the rise and fall of the electromagnetic field around the tower is not symmetrical???
In your picture above,are the neons being powered by a hard wired voltage,or wirelessly?.
This goes back to the issue of "what is AC and what is DC". Alternating means just that, alternating.
Take a neon and a resistor in series and connect them to an AC supply. Now consider the polarity of the voltage at one neon terminal. The voltage is positive during half the AC cycle, and it is negative during the other half of the cycle. Right? And the other electrode of the neon, connected to the other side of the mains supply line, is negative while the other is positive, and is positive while the other is negative. Right? So the electrodes glow alternately, at the line frequency. One is on, the other is off. Then the one is off and the other is on. The negative-most electrode is the only one that glows, as the DC case shows.
Now... voltage is _relative_ and so is polarity. In the DC case, where two electrodes are connected together, but one is glowing and the other is not... they are both at the same _potential_ wrt some external reference like true Earth ground.... but with respect to the supply voltage to the stack, you can see that the "polarity" at any point is also relative. Consider two batteries connected in series. Look at the "middle terminal" where the positive of one battery is connected to the negative of the other battery. What is the polarity of this point? Is it negative, or positive? It is Positive wrt the Negative of the entire stack, but it is Negative wrt the Positive of the entire stack. In the neon stack, the two connected electrodes are at the same potential, but in one tube this is negative wrt the other electrode so it glows, and in the other tube that same potential is positive wrt the other electrode so it does not glow.
In the apparatus above, the neons are lit by the DC output of the HV Wireless Receptor, that I demonstrated in one of the microQEG videos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcGTBA7NoVI
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This goes back to the issue of "what is AC and what is DC". Alternating means just that, alternating.
Take a neon and a resistor in series and connect them to an AC supply. Now consider the polarity of the voltage at one neon terminal. The voltage is positive during half the AC cycle, and it is negative during the other half of the cycle. Right? And the other electrode of the neon, connected to the other side of the mains supply line, is negative while the other is positive, and is positive while the other is negative. Right? So the electrodes glow alternately, at the line frequency. One is on, the other is off. Then the one is off and the other is on. The negative-most electrode is the only one that glows, as the DC case shows.
Now... voltage is _relative_ and so is polarity. In the DC case, where two electrodes are connected together, but one is glowing and the other is not... they are both at the same _potential_ wrt some external reference like true Earth ground.... but with respect to the supply voltage to the stack, you can see that the "polarity" at any point is also relative. Consider two batteries connected in series. Look at the "middle terminal" where the positive of one battery is connected to the negative of the other battery. What is the polarity of this point? Is it negative, or positive? It is Positive wrt the Negative of the entire stack, but it is Negative wrt the Positive of the entire stack. In the neon stack, the two connected electrodes are at the same potential, but in one tube this is negative wrt the other electrode so it glows, and in the other tube that same potential is positive wrt the other electrode so it does not glow.
In the apparatus above, the neons are lit by the DC output of the HV Wireless Receptor, that I demonstrated in one of the microQEG videos.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcGTBA7NoVI
Well im not sure how using a DC reference in this case(the batteries in series)is the same as what we have here,as we are dealing with an AC source. So insted of having two batteries conected in series,we have a center taped transformer,say 12/0/12 AC. I can clearly see in my neon that both pins are glowing. Further testing shows it is the line with the resistor in series that has the +DC component,regardless of which side of the cap it is on.This can only mean that the resistor is offsetting the charge rate of one side of the cap-some how?.
What you are showing TK,is that the pin in the neon that has the negative polarity is the one that glow's-this we knew. What im showing is how a resistor some how offsets the charge rate to the plates in the cap. Now oddly enough,(and this seems ass about) is that the higher the value of the resistor,the higher the DC value in the cap is reached.
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The rectification effect is weak. If it were strong you would see a good percentage of the neon hold voltage on the capacitor. You can try scoping the neon bulb, but the probe is likely to distort the voltage. You also want to be careful not to hurt your scope. If you are going to try that, I would do it through a series 1Meg resistor. That will cost some bandwidth. At these frequencies that should not be a problem, and it is a lot better than frying your vertical amplifier. You are looking for asymmetry in the waveform.
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Below is a simple test i carried out. It would seem one pin in the neon is recieving a higher charge than the other. Although both wave forms are in phase,we can see a potential difference between the two.There dosnt seem to be any offset in either trace though.
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That's just where each of the wires are in the RF field. The capacitor charges from the difference potential. You want to measure from TP1 to TP2 or vice versa. You also want the connections in your test set up from the bulb towards your scope to have as little exposure to RF as possible. You could use a piece of coax from the bulb to get away from the field. Or you could use nice short connections such as soldering the two bulb side resistors to the bulb with short leads and wrapping the ground clip lead around the probe hook to minimize the ground clip loop area. The difference may still be hard to see because it is only about 1% of the signal.
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That's just where each of the wires are in the RF field. The capacitor charges from the difference potential. You want to measure from TP1 to TP2 or vice versa. You also want the connections in your test set up from the bulb towards your scope to have as little exposure to RF as possible. You could use a piece of coax from the bulb to get away from the field. Or you could use nice short connections such as soldering the two bulb side resistors to the bulb with short leads and wrapping the ground clip lead around the probe hook to minimize the ground clip loop area. The difference may still be hard to see because it is only about 1% of the signal.
As all the cables run together,and are of same length,i dont see this as being the cause for the cap charging up. There is also the issue that it seems to be the pin in the neon that has the positive charge,is the one that light's up in my setup-this will be seen in the next video,as soon as it has uploaded. The resistor determonds as to which side of the AC cap has the negative potential-the side with the resistor is negative. resistor value also determonds the voltage potential reached in the cap.
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As all the cables run together,and are of same length,i dont see this as being the cause for the cap charging up. There is also the issue that it seems to be the pin in the neon that has the positive charge,is the one that light's up in my setup-this will be seen in the next video,as soon as it has uploaded. The resistor determonds as to which side of the AC cap has the negative potential-the side with the resistor is negative. resistor value also determonds the voltage potential reached in the cap.
This is a matter of getting a clean measurement, so that we can figure out where the rectification effect is coming from. The energy to charge is a function of the field strength and the exposed area. You want to measure what is across the bulb and not what the scope leads pick-up on their own. You could take a pair of 24 AWG or finer wire and tightly twist that to make a sense wire set to the bulb maybe five feet long to keep the scope ground clip away from the intense RF field.
What I think that we know:
1) Cap charges to less than 100mV without the resistor.
2) Cap charges to ~1V with a resistor of xxx Ohms.
3) Scope confirms it is a real DC offset and not RF fouling the DMM.
4) Resistor orientation does not change the charging polarity.
5) Pick-up at the neon bulb looks sinusoidal.
6) Side of the cap with the resistor is negative. (I take your word.)
7) It takes non-linear behavior to rectify even weakly. This is not a function of linear: resistance, capacitance, inductance, and conductance.
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This is a matter of getting a clean measurement, so that we can figure out where the rectification effect is coming from. The energy to charge is a function of the field strength and the exposed area. You want to measure what is across the bulb and not what the scope leads pick-up on their own. You could take a pair of 24 AWG or finer wire and tightly twist that to make a sense wire set to the bulb maybe five feet long to keep the scope ground clip away from the intense RF field.
What I think that we know:
1) Cap charges to less than 100mV without the resistor.
2) Cap charges to ~1V with a resistor of xxx Ohms.
3) Scope confirms it is a real DC offset and not RF fouling the DMM.
4) Resistor orientation does not change the charging polarity.
5) Pick-up at the neon bulb looks sinusoidal.
6) Side of the cap with the resistor is negative. (I take your word.)
7) It takes non-linear behavior to rectify even weakly. This is not a function of linear: resistance, capacitance, inductance, and conductance.
Video upload is taking for ever-very slow this time of day.
I will post it as soon as it's done,and maybe we can get some answers from it.
Some more details known so far.
1) Higher the resistor value,the higher DC voltage achieved in the cap.
2) The side of the neon pin that glow's,is the side hooked to the positive potential on the cap.
3) Any type of AC cap seems to work.
And 4)-confusion is growing fast lol.
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This is a simple little setup,maybe you(Mark) or TK could throw it together,and look for your selve's.You guys are much more at home than me with this stuff-im just a mechanic.
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Here is the last video on this,as it's time to move onto other things.
P.S-I joined the video's ass about,so first part is last,and last part is first.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj0-8SEGyUg
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The miracle of induction is such that the voltage at one end of the wire is the opposite as at the other end of the wire. So, assuming that it is the length of wire acting as the antenna: the times when the capacitor is positive on the probe, the neon is negative on that right hand wire, and that is when the neon glows on that side.
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The miracle of induction is such that the voltage at one end of the wire is the opposite as at the other end of the wire. So, assuming that it is the length of wire acting as the antenna: the times when the capacitor is positive on the probe, the neon is negative on that right hand wire, and that is when the neon glows on that side.
Err ???-no,not seeing how that can be-makes no sence at all to me in this situation. How can it be negative at one end of the wire,and positive at the other end at the same time in regards to this setup.Dont forget that the two wires are side by side(speaker wire),and if we use your analogy,we would have two negative voltages at the neon,and two positive voltages at the cap through half the AC wave,then inverted through the second half of the wave.. First up,the wire isnt acting as an antenna-well not that much anyway. I say this because if i remove the neon,we get near no voltage at all at the cap.
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Oh, you are using the oscillating E field from the slayer to light your neons. I didn't realize this. Ok here is what is happening, I think. Two things. First you are driving the neons with a rapidly oscillating AC RF voltage. So the electrodes of the neon are experiencing alternately, positive and negative _relative_ voltages. The negative one glows but they are switching back and forth at the RF frequency so there is no hope of picking up the event visually or photographically and it may even be shorter than the persistence time of the plasma glow itself, so perhaps both electrodes are constantly illuminated even though the plasma is only energised by the negative-most electrode in the gas.
The second effect is the field gradient. You should be able to take a bare neon, extend the leads sideways, grip it in a non-conductive holder and bring it close to the Slayer and have it light up, by "shorting" across the electric field with the neon's legs. Hold the neon so that the legs are tangent to the coil and it won't glow because you are parallel to the Efield gradient, hold it so that it is radial to the coil, "shorting" the Efield, and it will glow. I use neons in this manner to determine the polarity of DC HV fields like from static machines like VDG, Bonetti, etc. You poke the field and see if the electrode nearest the device glows, or the one nearest you glows, and this tells you the polarity of the DC field. If you turn the neon sideways it no longer is in the direction of the _gradient_ so no voltage develops across it and it doesn't glow.
So perhaps it's the field gradient that is doing the "rectification" you are seeing with your resistive antenna pickup system. I'm set up for other stuff right now and don't exactly have room to pull down the Slayer and play around with it, but I might be able to get to it later on today.
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Err ???-no,not seeing how that can be-makes no sence at all to me in this situation. How can it be negative at one end of the wire,and positive at the other end at the same time in regards to this setup.Dont forget that the two wires are side by side(speaker wire),and if we use your analogy,we would have two negative voltages at the neon,and two positive voltages at the cap through half the AC wave,then inverted through the second half of the wave.. First up,the wire isnt acting as an antenna-well not that much anyway. I say this because if i remove the neon,we get near no voltage at all at the cap.
The voltage develops around loops.
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Below is a simple test i carried out. It would seem one pin in the neon is recieving a higher charge than the other. Although both wave forms are in phase,we can see a potential difference between the two.There dosnt seem to be any offset in either trace though.
It looks like you have the Yellow trace baseline set a half a minor division below the center marker. This may be masking a little offset. You have cursors on that scope? Can you do a shot with just the yellow trace displayed at about 3/4 full screen height, with the baseline set exactly at the center graticule marker, and then use the cursors or the measurements to identify the max and the min of the waveform? It looks to me like there may be a little vertical asymmetry happening. P-p is less useful than max-min in this case, I think. If we have max and min we can get p-p from that easily enough.
ETA: Another useful technique is to deliberately set the scope's timebase to much slower than usual for the signal. This will turn the trace into a ribbon with clear top and bottom edges. This will also reveal if there is any lower frequency envelope modulation that you can't see by zooming in on the main sinus oscillation at 3 MHz for example.
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"7) It takes non-linear behavior to rectify even weakly. This is not a function of linear: resistance, capacitance, inductance, and conductance."
You can't find a more non-linear circuit element than a neon, unless it's a raw spark gap. Them thangs is whacky for certain. Once you get them good and lit up they are great, used as voltage regulators in all kinds of old kit, like plasma Zeners. But between the firing threshold and the cutoff voltage they are strange beasts indeed and if they are biased to just below the firing threshold all kinds of things can set them off.
Got LN2? Try immersing a running LED in some. Also try with the neon. ;)
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The film capacitor is linear. The resistors are linear. The wires are linear. What's not linear is like you say: that NE-2.
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The voltage develops around loops.
What loop's-all wires are straight.
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What loop's-all wires are straight.
They still envelope an area.
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Neon bulb detectors:
"Neon lamps have been historically used as microwave and millimeter-wave detectors ('plasma diodes' or GDDs- Glow Discharge Detectors) up to about 100 GHz or so and in such service were said to exhibit comparable sensitivity (of the order of a few 10s to perhaps 100 microvolts) to the familiar 1N23-type catwhisker-contacted silicon diodes once ubiquitous in microwave equipment. More recently it has been found that these lamps work well as detectors even at submillimeter ('terahertz') frequencies and they have been successfully used as pixels in several experimental imaging arrays at these wavelengths.
In these applications the lamps are operated either in 'starvation' mode (to reduce lamp-current noise) or in normal glow discharge mode; some literature references their use as detectors of radiation up into the optical regime when operated in abnormal glow mode. Coupling of microwaves into the plasma may be in free space, in waveguide, by means of a parabolic concentrator (e.g., Winston cone), or via capacitive means via a loop or dipole antenna mounted directly to the lamp"
RD
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A question for anyone that know's.
What happens if we run a second layer over the first layer in a tesla type tower(that im using in my slayer exciter setup). So to be more clear-->we have one layer of wire running up the tower,and then the end is left open. If we run that end down through the middle of the tower,and make that our start for our next layer,and then leave the end of the second layer open,will that double the voltage out?,or not work at all?. It would be the same as a tesla bifilar pancake coil,only in tower style.
Any thoughts guy's?.
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Personally, I don't think it would work as you planned. The top and bottom of the air-core resonator are electrically the peak, and the node (zero-crossing), respectively of a quarter of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the system. A wavelength of what, though? Well, if you answered "voltage" you wouldn't be far wrong. This means that the voltage at the top is at maximum, with respect to the bottom of the coil. Now you are putting a straight conductor between the two "poles" of the voltage (e-field) and the coil will likely short out the potential along this conductor. Tesla coilers learn fairly soon that you do not want to penetrate the cylindrical coil former with, say, loops of wire to lock it down, or terminators like screws through the sidewall, because if the coil is any good it will simply arc and spark away down inside the open tube of the former, between the wires or whatever you have stuck through the walls!
Another consideration is the inter-turn voltage. You have low voltage at the bottom of the first windings. Now you bring a wire with much higher voltage down and put it close together with the low-voltage windings. This works in a Tesla bifilar pancake primary because the overall turn count is low so that the actual voltage difference between adjacent turns isn't that great and insulation can withstand it. Tens of kV at most, in Tesla's applications. But if you try this with a big secondary you may be looking at _hundreds_ of kV between adjacent windings of the first and second set of wraps. That is, if it doesn't just conduct down the middle of the tube before it can build up high voltage.
I might be wrong but that's my first guess. It would be an interesting experiment to try, though. I've been working on a phase-locked loop circuit for resonating such things, but I don't have enough of the right kind of wire to try the bifilar secondary as you describe it. I'd want to use some heavier insulation, double-coated anyhow, than the magnet wire I have on hand. But who knows, I may "wind" up doing it anyhow.
(The project is coming along nicely:)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeQ5WnziKBA
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Well the new tower is done,but a bit worried that there is not enough turns on it-but thats all the wire i had of that size.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWw0tqix7TY
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Personally, I don't think it would work as you planned. The top and bottom of the air-core resonator are electrically the peak, and the node (zero-crossing), respectively of a quarter of the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the system. A wavelength of what, though? Well, if you answered "voltage" you wouldn't be far wrong. This means that the voltage at the top is at maximum, with respect to the bottom of the coil. Now you are putting a straight conductor between the two "poles" of the voltage (e-field) and the coil will likely short out the potential along this conductor. Tesla coilers learn fairly soon that you do not want to penetrate the cylindrical coil former with, say, loops of wire to lock it down, or terminators like screws through the sidewall, because if the coil is any good it will simply arc and spark away down inside the open tube of the former, between the wires or whatever you have stuck through the walls!
Another consideration is the inter-turn voltage. You have low voltage at the bottom of the first windings. Now you bring a wire with much higher voltage down and put it close together with the low-voltage windings. This works in a Tesla bifilar pancake primary because the overall turn count is low so that the actual voltage difference between adjacent turns isn't that great and insulation can withstand it. Tens of kV at most, in Tesla's applications. But if you try this with a big secondary you may be looking at _hundreds_ of kV between adjacent windings of the first and second set of wraps. That is, if it doesn't just conduct down the middle of the tube before it can build up high voltage.
I might be wrong but that's my first guess. It would be an interesting experiment to try, though. I've been working on a phase-locked loop circuit for resonating such things, but I don't have enough of the right kind of wire to try the bifilar secondary as you describe it. I'd want to use some heavier insulation, double-coated anyhow, than the magnet wire I have on hand. But who knows, I may "wind" up doing it anyhow.
(The project is coming along nicely:)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeQ5WnziKBA
TK-nice-->very nice.
May i ask what circuit you are using-along with wire size and turns.
Thanks
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TK-nice-->very nice.
May i ask what circuit you are using-along with wire size and turns.
Thanks
Thanks, and certainly!
The resonator is about 420 turns of #27 single-insulated magnet wire wound on an oatmeal box and varnished with polyurethane spar varnish (soaking the cardboard of the box, so that it can't retain moisture). The primary is five turns of #12 solid copper house wire, closely coupled, wound on a bit of PVC tube that just fits over the secondary. The top capacity is two aluminum dogfood cans taped together with aluminum tape. The circuit is in three parts: a Phase Locked Loop oscillator made from a CD4046BE chip (under a dollar from Ebay resellers) and a few other components; a Mosfet Gate Driver and Primary driver made with two transistors (2n7000 and 2n2222a) and an inverter gate from a 4049 hex inverter and the IRFP260 mosfet itself; and an Interruptor circuit made with a basic 555 timer with adjustable Hi and Lo timing. So the PLL circuit generates the resonant oscillation at about 736 kHz and locks, or tries to lock, to the resonance and will vary its frequency slightly to keep the coil in resonance as external conditions change. The Interruptor stage breaks up the PLL's output into tunable audio-frequency chunks with a 555 timer chip, which makes the "sputtering" noise (or a tone, etc) as the spark is turned on and off by the Interruptor. And the Gate Driver basically amplifies the current from the PLL chip so that the mosfet gate is charged up as fast as possible, and also shuts the mosfet off quickly. Interestingly, the Gate Driver isn't quite able to turn the IRFP260n mosfet on super-fast... so it actually reduces the "On" duty cycle at the Primary from the PLL's 50 percent, down to about 25 percent effective fully-on. This actually _improves_ the performance of the primary circuit because there is no point in leaving the mosfet on for longer than it takes to put full current through the primary. It's the turning off of the mosfet that produces the highest induced voltage and the Gate Driver circuit drains away the Gate charge very fast. The driver topology that I used is an inverting one, so I added another inverting stage using the 4049 chip so that the "on" state of the mosfet is also during the "hi" state of the PLL oscillator's output. This might not be strictly necessary but I think it helped with the phase-locking.
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Thanks, and certainly!
The resonator is about 420 turns of #27 single-insulated magnet wire wound on an oatmeal box and varnished with polyurethane spar varnish (soaking the cardboard of the box, so that it can't retain moisture). The primary is five turns of #12 solid copper house wire, closely coupled, wound on a bit of PVC tube that just fits over the secondary. The top capacity is two aluminum dogfood cans taped together with aluminum tape. The circuit is in three parts: a Phase Locked Loop oscillator made from a CD4046BE chip (under a dollar from Ebay resellers) and a few other components; a Mosfet Gate Driver and Primary driver made with two transistors (2n7000 and 2n2222a) and an inverter gate from a 4049 hex inverter and the IRFP260 mosfet itself; and an Interruptor circuit made with a basic 555 timer with adjustable Hi and Lo timing. So the PLL circuit generates the resonant oscillation at about 736 kHz and locks, or tries to lock, to the resonance and will vary its frequency slightly to keep the coil in resonance as external conditions change. The Interruptor stage breaks up the PLL's output into tunable audio-frequency chunks with a 555 timer chip, which makes the "sputtering" noise (or a tone, etc) as the spark is turned on and off by the Interruptor. And the Gate Driver basically amplifies the current from the PLL chip so that the mosfet gate is charged up as fast as possible, and also shuts the mosfet off quickly. Interestingly, the Gate Driver isn't quite able to turn the IRFP260n mosfet on super-fast... so it actually reduces the "On" duty cycle at the Primary from the PLL's 50 percent, down to about 25 percent effective fully-on. This actually _improves_ the performance of the primary circuit because there is no point in leaving the mosfet on for longer than it takes to put full current through the primary. It's the turning off of the mosfet that produces the highest induced voltage and the Gate Driver circuit drains away the Gate charge very fast. The driver topology that I used is an inverting one, so I added another inverting stage using the 4049 chip so that the "on" state of the mosfet is also during the "hi" state of the PLL oscillator's output. This might not be strictly necessary but I think it helped with the phase-locking.
Ah-so thats what that phase lock loop thing was all about.
So,as you have the interuptor,are you able to use midi,so as you can play music?.