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Author Topic: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY  (Read 11719002 times)

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #390 on: October 17, 2012, 08:27:41 PM »
2) the ground clips are on the + power side of the resistor, and the probe on the other side, both on the resistor.
3) no
Those two answers above mean that you have your probe tips connected at points B & C and their ground clips are both connected at point A. (as illustrated below).
Such probe connections mean that when the falling edges of your CSR waveforms occur (marked in red on the attached snapshot of the scope), transistors Q3, Q6 are just starting to conduct between emitter and collector, which pulls down points D & E and this causes currents to flow through the primary windings (ideally they are current ramps). As these currents gradually build up, they pull down points B & C in the negative direction too, because the CSRs allow those points to move down a little away from Vcc.

Correct me if I am wrong here.  This is important because I do not see the signals at the bases of those Q3, Q6 transistors (points G & I) and I do not know when they are supposed to be conducting in relation to the CSR waveform.

Note that this red falling edge lasts for apx. 200ns and during this interval the absolute current in the primary increases from 0 to -1.5A (because -150mV measured across a 0.1Ω resistor means that -1.5A is flowing through it).
This determines the current increase rate {di/dt} to be 7.5mA/ns and because you are supplying the primaries with 12VDC, then it means that the inductance (L) of the primary is equal to V*dt/di which calculates to 12V * 0.0000002s / 1.5A = 0.0000016H, which is 1.6μH. A very small inductance!

After this red falling edge, the current in the primary starts to decrease (paradoxically it's a rising edge on the scope - marked with yellow color).
The transformer does not transfer any energy to the secondary windings while the current in the primary is decreasing. 

But why does the current start to decrease so early? There are two explanations:
1) The big transistor stops conducting (but why was it conducting only for 1% of the total period time?)
2) The current trace is somehow inverted and that red falling edge actually occurs when the transistor Q3 stops conducting and current in the primary decreases, and the yellow rising edge occurs when the transistor Q3 starts conducting and the current through the primary winding increases.

If pt.1 is true then, the energy is being transferred from the primary to the secondary only during the red falling edge. That's only 200ns out of the 18μs of the total waveform period. If we divide 200ns/18μS we get the ratio 0.0111...
This means that the energy flows from your primary to the secondary only 1% of the time !!! ...actually 2% when we account for two primary windings. 
In that case, it's no wonder that you have insuffucient power problems.

However it is still possible that pt.2 is somehow true and the current in the primary of T2 increases during the yellow rising edge.
Please look into it.
« Last Edit: October 17, 2012, 10:14:05 PM by verpies »

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #391 on: October 17, 2012, 08:32:32 PM »
I wound another toroid with 20 gauge wire for secondaries, and wound 4 coils that are 70 turns in two layers; so I wound two 70 turn coils, then put a layer of tape and wound 2 more 70 turn coils on that; so I could wind 6 turns for the primary...
If pt.1 is true in my previous post, then 6 turns for the primary is not enough for this core permeability

d3x0r

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #392 on: October 17, 2012, 08:54:58 PM »
If pt.1 is true in my previous post, then 6 turns for the primary is not enough for this core permeability


Right, I agree... but again, the original is said to be an AC transformer (220->9) (70:3) ( 3/70 * 220V = 8.57V)... then probably the 70 turns is going to be the side that would saturate such a core, and therefore I'd have to have a 70:1633 winding ratio....


I'm going to tinker with it a bit, and see if I even get saturation with 12V into the secondaries (hmm guess that needs to be 110 or 220V)


(I'm in america so we're 110)...


Was playing with the measuring on the new toroid, it has 0.216uh  ... the other one was 0.130 or something I think....didn't post a measure of it. 

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #393 on: October 17, 2012, 10:02:23 PM »
Right, I agree... but again, the original is said to be an AC transformer (220->9) (70:3) ( 3/70 * 220V = 8.57V)... then probably the 70 turns is going to be the side that would saturate such a core, and therefore I'd have to have a 70:1633 winding ratio....
But the original did not specify the AL Value of the core (inductance per turn - related to permeability).
You can still stay true to the original by keeping the turn ratio and accomodate to the characteristics of your core.

d3x0r

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #394 on: October 17, 2012, 10:51:47 PM »
But the original did not specify the AL Value of the core (inductance per turn - related to permeability).
You can still stay true to the original by keeping the turn ratio and accomodate to the characteristics of your core.


old toroid primary measures as 0.056mH (old one) new one is 0.226mH  ...


I reversed my connections, and 140 windings as primary driver.... and I still cannot saturate. 


And you asked why my pulses were so short...
only when the TL949 is running very slow do I get to adjust to a wide duty cycle... as I turn up the frequency, the duty cycle also seems to shrink... I probably have something miswired, right? 
But anwyay to get power out of this first transformer, running for long periods of time with current doesn't do anything.  You're really only going to get as much out as it first takes to charge, then you might as well turn it off the drive... driving DC-DC converters only work during the change in field...


I was thinking of connecting all turns (280) ... but then I get more resistance, and even though it is 20g magnet wire, it's not going to carry amps and amps, but I should be able to get a good spike from a charged cap...


Well I started to go ahead with this one, it has a much larger inductance because the 6 turns are turned around 1/2 the toroid each... the first all 3 are right next to each other.  I'm getting better power from this... it's a dirtier signal... I'm wondering if I have a bad connection somewhere now...


I damaged my nanopulser with a stray connection i think. 


But so then I'm thinking why not just another TL494?  since 200ns turns into 1.xus through the power transistor, unless the original russian part is just that good that it's high power and super high switching speed... and the tl949 at near 0% duty cycle is a 200ns pulse



« Last Edit: October 18, 2012, 08:41:22 AM by d3x0r »

Vasiliy Buslaev

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #395 on: October 18, 2012, 09:46:28 AM »
Hi all

I apologize for interrupting. For everyone to see, as promised, the technical characteristics of the transistor KT926 and others.
So,
The first column is the current of collector
The second column, this is pulse collector current
The third column, this is collector-emitter voltage
The fourth column, this is collector-base voltage
The fifth column, this is base-emitter voltage
The sixth column, this is maximum power of the collector
The seventh column, this is temperature of enclosure
The eighth column, this is temperature of the silicon crystal
The ninth column, this is the maximum case temperature of the transistor
The tenth column, this is the gain coefficient

The most interesting thing is the last two columns of the table
Penultimate column (t вкл.), this is the current rise to the saturation point
transistor.
The last column (t выкл.), this is the time resorption of majority carriers in the crystal.(time in microseconds)
As we have seen, these last two parameters not normalized for transistor KT926
It is quite possible to focus on the KT945, in which these parameters are normalized and that is a good substitute for KT926

Regards,
Vasiliy

Note: KT = 2T,  KT - a commercial version,  2T - this is a military option

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #396 on: October 18, 2012, 10:08:29 AM »
For everyone to see, as promised, the technical characteristics of the transistor KT926 and others.
I can't see the maximum base current IB or the minimum base current needed to fully saturate the transistor under maximum IC

Vasiliy Buslaev

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #397 on: October 18, 2012, 10:48:19 AM »
I can't see the maximum base current IB or the minimum base current needed to fully saturate the transistor under maximum IC
Thank you, an important question. This is usually shown on the graph
This is a general reference book.
For a more detailed parameters - need to look in another book.
 
Regards

P.S. I often stumble across on this message:
"User '12345' has exceeded the 'max_questions' resource (current value: 100000)"
I can not go to the forum
It's that kind of garbage. The server does not pull?
At someone have problems or is it just me?

d3x0r

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #398 on: October 18, 2012, 10:53:24 AM »
but there is 'The tenth column, this is the gain coefficient' which is 2... which means 2 amps = 4 amps etc...
the 945 is like <12 ... so...


but also it's voltage is 150, so it's look more avalanche mode-like...


NTE2319  800V though... good switch time... well... still has a 1.2us time... just that everything was listed in ns's...


NTE327 150V, 25A, 1.0us storage time...

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #399 on: October 18, 2012, 03:50:27 PM »
but there is 'The tenth column, this is the gain coefficient' which is 2... which means 2 amps = 4 amps etc...
Yes, the current gain coefficient β or hFE of 2 means that 2A flowing into the base will allow 4A to flow between the collector and emitter.
Also, the β coefficient is not constant - the higher the collector current IC, the smaller the β.

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #400 on: October 18, 2012, 03:52:48 PM »
I often stumble across on this message:
"User '12345' has exceeded the 'max_questions' resource (current value: 100000)"
I can not go to the forum
It's that kind of garbage. The server does not pull?
At someone have problems or is it just me?
Everybody has this problem.  See here.

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #401 on: October 19, 2012, 09:21:42 AM »
.

Hoppy

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #402 on: October 19, 2012, 05:34:13 PM »
Looking at the KT926 spec: 150V with a gain of 2, how on earth can the nano pulser chip directly drive this transistor as shown in the Dally schematic? I'm becoming more convinced that Dally was not pulsing the co-ax with anything approaching a 1ns pulse, if at all!

Regards
Hoppy

verpies

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #403 on: October 19, 2012, 05:59:46 PM »
Looking at the KT926 spec: 150V with a gain of 2, how on earth can the nano pulser chip directly drive this transistor as shown in the Dally schematic? I'm becoming more convinced that Dally was not pulsing the co-ax with anything approaching a 1ns pulse, if at all!
If the KT926A had the current gain (hFE) equal to 2 then it would be very suspicious, however according to this the h21E (similar to β) of the KT926A is in the range 10...60 (depending on IC).
The military version: the 2T926A has h21E in the range 12...60.

Hoppy

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Re: Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY
« Reply #404 on: October 19, 2012, 06:21:17 PM »
If the KT926A had the current gain (hFE) equal to 2 then it would be very suspicious, however according to this the h21E (similar to β) of the KT926A is in the range 10...60 (depending on IC).
The military version: the 2T926A has h21E in the range 12...60.

Yes, with a C/E of just 150V I agree.

Hoppy