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Author Topic: Switchable Magnets.  (Read 52526 times)

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #75 on: May 25, 2015, 11:29:38 PM »
Here's a much bettor one. This device is also suitable for Laboratories use and other temperature-controlled systems:

Pirate88179

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #76 on: May 25, 2015, 11:39:46 PM »
Syncro:

Why not just purchase some Barium Titanate?  Surely this is available commercially cheaper than we could make it in our home labs.

Same thing with the Rochelle Salt crystals?  Isn't there some manufacturer that has a big facility that makes this stuff all day long cheaper, and better maybe, than we could at home?

I am just asking as I have not researched this at all.  Possibly, you have done so and, if this is the case, just ignore my post.

Bill

tak22

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #77 on: May 26, 2015, 12:16:21 AM »
I like the enthusiasm, but for me an hour of research turned up nothing that talked about being able to achieve a power density for Rochelle Salt Crystals or PZT that would make this worth doing. Have I missed a page or can someone point to a source/research that shows that this is worth anything?  Some real numbers of volts/amps/watts/frequency/pressure/etc Thanks!

tak

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #78 on: May 26, 2015, 12:54:29 AM »
I like the enthusiasm, but for me an hour of research turned up nothing that talked about being able to achieve a power density for Rochelle Salt Crystals or PZT that would make this worth doing. Have I missed a page or can someone point to a source/research that shows that this is worth anything?  Some real numbers of volts/amps/watts/frequency/pressure/etc Thanks!

tak

@Tak22,

Small ones light barbecue fires, what kind of spark would a two kilo brick generate? A mass-pressure to output in watts formula might allow an extrapolation. I'm envisioning two kilo crystals and thousands of pounds of pressure! The "Pyroelectric" effect may be even greater. Imagine a cluster of crystals in a chamber wrapped around an exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gasses are periodically channeled, followed by cooling air. The output might help power a hybrid.

@Pirate88179,

The manufacturing of the "Rochelle Salt Crystals" was a big industry right up untill shortly after WW 2. It disappeared along with the "Stanley Steamer" probably after the same kind of suppressionist  acquisition by John D. Rockefeller. I found 3000 bars of Barium Titanate ceramic that sold at online auction for $2,000,000., but next after that is a disc the size of a "Tea Saucer".

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #79 on: May 26, 2015, 02:02:06 AM »
"To fully appreciate what Moore was up to, you need to understand the Rochelle salt saturation curve in Figure 18. This plot shows the amount of salt that can be dissolved in 100ml of water verses temperature.  For example, with 22C as a room temperature, 100g of Rochelle salt will dissolve in 100ml or water.  That is how I knew that Nicolson’s recipe called for 50g more salt than it could hold.

That is not to say that you can’t temporarily get more salt into solution than the saturation amount.  If the liquid was at 33C then 150g would completely dissolve in 100ml of water.  Cooled slowly, the higher amount of salt could remain in the solution and it would become supersaturated.   Eventually an impurity of some kind would trigger a spontaneous crystallization and the solution would become simply saturated over time.

The seed crystal also serves as a place where the extra salt can go to get out of solution.  That is how Nicolson’s method worked, but the process can go too quickly for the molecules of salt to precisely buildup on the crystal surface.  Starting with a less supersaturated solution slows the process down and that is why Holden and Morrison only call for 9g of extra Rochelle salt.

Another way to slow the process down is to slow the rate of cooling.  When things naturally cool, the rate of temperature change is greatest in the beginning.  Unfortunately that is exactly when you don’t have crystal surface to accumulate the salt.  Cooling just 1C from 33C to 32C causes about 10g of salt to leave the mother liquor which is actually a decent sized crystal.  Ideally the temperature should drop very slowly at first and then get faster as the crystal builds.

By accurately controlling the temperature, Moore was able to pace the amount of salt coming out of solution to the growth rate of the crystal.  Starting at 40C, he would only let the temperature drop 0.1C in the first day and then increase the drop slowly every day. He produced crystals about the same size as Nicolson, but it took a month not hours".


synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #80 on: May 26, 2015, 02:33:19 AM »
The digital display of the "Mini Temperature Controller" pictured above is measured in tenths of a degree centigrade.

•Resolution: 0.1 °C (-40 ~ 99.9 °C), 1 °C (100 ~ 120 °C)

Moore lowered the temperature of the bath by exactly the same increments starting at 40º Centigrade. One tenth of a degree the first day and so on until a perfect crystal formed. The low cost "Mini Temperature Controller" does everything Moore's patented apparatus did nearly a hundred years ago. Coupled with pure "Rochelle Salts", it should be possible to grow perfect crystals this way. This process takes a period of months. Every time the temperature is lowered, the solubility increases and the left out material solidifies. The temperature drop can speed up as the crystal builds.

The graph above shows that 100ml of water holds 200 grams of "Rochelle Salt" at 40º centigrade. At 33º centigrade it only holds 150 grams. So that means a 50 gram crystal has formed during the 7º drop in temperature. There's really nothing to it!

The important thing to understand is that this process results in one solid crystal, not a pile of shards.

tak22

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #81 on: May 26, 2015, 04:19:24 AM »

Small ones light barbecue fires, what kind of spark would a two kilo brick generate? A mass-pressure to output in watts formula might allow an extrapolation. I'm envisioning two kilo crystals and thousands of pounds of pressure!
That's what I'm asking, what data are you relying on for the extrapolation? A small one doesn't light a barbecue, the spark ignites the gas, same as a flint. I think you need to find something somewhere that shows what amount of power "two kilo crystals and thousands of pounds of pressure" could produce.


Still like the enthusiasm, just not seeing what it's based on.


tak

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #82 on: May 26, 2015, 04:28:50 AM »
That's what I'm asking, what data are you relying on for the extrapolation? A small one doesn't light a barbecue, the spark ignites the gas, same as a flint. I think you need to find something somewhere that shows what amount of power "two kilo crystals and thousands of pounds of pressure" could produce.


Still like the enthusiasm, just not seeing what it's based on.


tak

@Tak22,

I can't answer your question at this time. I wonder about it just like you. However, I believe that it's possible to generate sufficient power with enough large crystals to throw the switch on a set of EPM Chucks, thereby achieving "Perpetual Motion".

2 Kg of pure "Rochelle Salt" added to 2 liters of distilled water would grow a perfect crystal as large as the one those two guys are holding in the picture below, with the help of a $15.99 "Temperature Controller" like the "Inkbird" pictured on top below. (.1 C scale too.)

Another important point; The water volume of the "Mother Liquor" needs to be maintained at the same level so only the heat reduction is controlling the increase in solubility. Allowing the water level to drop even a little would cause the crystal to grow too fast and crack. A "Toilet style" float valve replenishment system to maintain the "Mother Liquor" level would help as a finishing touch.

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #83 on: May 26, 2015, 06:01:59 AM »
The float is out. It would accumulate crystal deposits. Below is a water level "Laser Sensor" suspended above and outside the tank:

The replenishment reservoir would need to be gravity fed distilled water like the start up batch. You could probably do it by hand, but one missed day would result in a crack. Moore has the "Mother Liquor Crock" tightly sealed. The sealed Crock more than likely leaked anyway, that's probably why Moore's crystals cracked before they got any larger then Nicholson's, who used the evaporation process. Maybe a combination of seal and replenishment would work best. 
« Last Edit: May 26, 2015, 08:11:25 AM by synchro1 »

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #84 on: May 27, 2015, 01:36:22 AM »
Here are three inexpensive items to complement the "Temperature Controller": One; A 1.5 quart Pyrex double boiler. Around $18.00 from eBay. Two; A 12 volt ceramic heating element and, Three; A 12 volt CPU cooler and pump. We have to seal the lid on the Pyrex Crock with silicon, and include a 120 to 12 volt wall transfomer. We can grow a large perfect crystal with these components for under $100.00. This is enough to lower the "Rochelle Salt" solubility down to 50 grams per 100 milliliters. This Pyrex Crock could grow a perfect 400 gram crystal. A crystal this size should be large enough to clamp between the jaws of a "Magnet chuck".

We could focus a Laser at the "Mother Liquor" level and try and drip distilled water into the Crock with an eyedropper, through a pre-positioned pipette, to insure a constant volume over the months required to grow the perfect crystal to full size.
« Last Edit: May 27, 2015, 10:37:16 AM by synchro1 »

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #85 on: May 27, 2015, 09:52:55 PM »
Here's a video on drilling holes in "Pyrex" with the Porsadrill diamond bit system. A "T" coupling can be added to a cooler recycling tube to replenish water to the outermost boiler. This setup can be turned into a fine piece of laboratory equipment with a few simple modifications. Naturally a thermostat needs to be positioned inside the boiler away from the heating element and cooling inlet and connected to the temperature controller. (See below):


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPY7k9dkI8g

Below: Amazon.
Product Details
2pc DIAMOND HOLE SAW - CORE DRILL - Set - 1/2" + 1"
by Unknown
$5.01
« Last Edit: May 28, 2015, 04:49:11 AM by synchro1 »

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #86 on: May 27, 2015, 10:41:14 PM »
PT100 type Thermocouple Sensor for Temperature Controller. This is a 2m (6.6ft) water resistant (submersible) RTD PT-100 type thermocouple. It provides "0.1 degree" resolution and works well with most digital temperature control units. $16.00!

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #87 on: April 13, 2017, 12:55:04 AM »
Take a look at this design for a magnet switch:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6kWy5yCOGs

norman6538

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #88 on: April 13, 2017, 01:53:55 AM »
Take a look at this design for a magnet switch:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6kWy5yCOGs

Thanks, that is very nice but probably would not have net usable work out
over the input work to twist the setup....
But  it could trigger something further..

Norman

synchro1

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Re: Switchable Magnets.
« Reply #89 on: April 13, 2017, 12:31:10 PM »
Thanks, that is very nice but probably would not have net usable work out
over the input work to twist the setup....
But  it could trigger something further..

Norman

@Norman,

Check this graph out: The Shear to Push Pull Force is 1 to 3.33: